| A | B |
|---|
| The bee | Emblem of the Franks (and Napoleon) |
| Clovis | Duke of Francia; recognized as the first "king" of France |
| Roland | Charlemagne's rear guard killed in an ambush (subject of an epic story) |
| Feudalism | "Pyramid" system; each person owes loyalty to a master in return for money |
| Louis IX | Beloved king who dispensed justice from under a treel later became a saint |
| Battle Axe | Chief weapon of the Francs |
| Christmas 800 | Date when Charlemagne was crowned Emperor |
| Renaissance | "Rebirth" of culture; François Ier was inspired by Italy |
| Jeanne d'Arc | "Maid of Orleans"; heard divine voices |
| Avignon | City in France where the popes resided; now famous for its bridges |
| The Crusades | Series of holy wars to win the Holy Land for the Christians |
