| A | B |
|---|
| spontaneous process | A process that occurs without outside intervention |
| entropy | A thermodynamic function that measures randomness or disorder. |
| positional probability | A type of probability that depends on the number of arrangements in space that yield a particular state. |
| second law of thermodynamics | In any spontaneous process, there is always an increase in the entropy of the universe. |
| free energy | G = H - TS where H is enthalpy, S is entropy, and K is Kelvin temperature. |
| irreversible process | Any real process. When a system undergoes the changes State 1 -> State 2-> State1 by any real pathway, the universe is different than before the cyclic process thook place in the system. |
| standard free energy change | The change in free energy that will occur for one unit of reaction if the reactants in their standard states are converted to products in their standard states. |
| standard free energy formation | The change in free energy that accompanies the formation of one mole of a substance from its constituent elements with all reactants and products in their standard states. |
| equilibrium point | The position where the free energy of a reaction system has its lowest possible value. |
| reversible process | A cyclic process carried out by a hypothetical pathway, which leaves the universe exactly the same as it was before the process. No real process is reversible. |
| third law of thermodynamics | The entropy of a perfect crystal at 0 K is zero. |
