| A | B |
|---|
| feature | a general body structure such as eyes, ears, skin, hair |
| characteristic | the appearance such as shape, color, or size of a body feature |
| variation | individual differences in the characteristics |
| pigment | A material that gives color to plants and animals |
| cell | the basic building block of life |
| protein | large organic molecule composed of a string of amino acids; body features are made of proteins |
| amino acid | building blocks of protein |
| What is the largest organelle? | nucleus |
| Where are the organelles located? | cytoplasm |
| Why are proteins important? | they determine the characteristics of our features. |
| nucleus | found in a cell and it contains the information for making proteins |
| genetic material | material in the cell nucleus that contains directions for making proteins; passed from on generation to the next |
| coil | examples: spring, telephone cord |
| helix | coil that has a constant diameter |
| double helix | a coil made up of two strands, each of which is a helix. DNA is a double helix |
| DNA | the genetic material in the nucleus of the cell, contains all the information making proteins: the shape is a coiled double helix |
| cell membrane | the membrane that surrounds the cell |
| cytoplasm | the gelatinlike substance between the nuclear membrane and the cell membrane |
| nuclear membrane | surrounds the nucleus |
| organelles | located in cytoplasm and perform a fuction |
| ribosomes | site for protein synthesis |
| nuclear pores | openings in the nuclear membrane |
| model | a small or large representation of something much larger or smaller |
| gene | a segment of a chromosome that carries the genetic information for a single protein or trait |
| chromosome | a structure composed primarily of DNA, located in the nucleus of a cell |
| nucleotide | a base attached to a sugar and a phosphate |
| replication | the process by which DNA strands are duplicated to provide new cells with a copy of genetic material |
| phosphate | chemicals that join sugars together |
| code | the base sequence in DNA that determines which proteins will be made |
| base | a building block of DNA and RNA |
| sugars | sugar-phosphate units make up DNA (this sugar is not what is in the sugar bowl!) |
| messenger RNA-mRNA | a single stranded chain of nucleotides that carries genetic instructions from DNA in the cll nucleus to the place where proteins are made |
| codon | a triplet of bases(3) that carries the directions from DNA for the placement of one amino acid into the protein chain |
| template | the strand of bases in DNA that serves as the basis for making another strand of DNA, or a new strand of mRNA |
| transfer RNA (tRNA) | molecules of RNA that carry specific amino acids to the ribosomes where they are synthesized into proteins |
| anticodon | the triplet of bases in tRNA that pairs with a codon in mRNA |
| translation | process when an mRNA code is deciphered in order to synthesize a protein |
| protein synthesis | the ordered arrangement of specific amino acids to form a specific protein |
| genome | all the genetic material-the entire set of chromosomes-in the nuclues |
| mutation | a change in the genetic material in a cell |
| bacteria | proKaryotic cells that have a single chromosome |
| virus | small particles of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat |
| proKaryotic | lacking a nuclear membrane and nucleus (ex. bacteria cell) |
| euKaryotic | has a nuclear membrane and nucleus (ex. animal cell) |
