| A | B |
|---|
| Path of light | Light reflects off an object; comes in through cornea, pupil, focused by the lens onto the retina; specialized neurons activated by different wavelengths (transduction); impulses move along optic nerve to occipital lobe. |
| Vision hemispheres | Neural impulses from each side of each retina go to the same side of the brain (left-left, right-right) |
| Cornea | Protective covering in front of the eye that also helps focus light. |
| Pupil | Opening in the center of the eye that admits light. |
| Lens | Curved, flexible membrane over the pupil that focuses light onto the retina, and flips the image upside down and backwards. |
| Retina | Back of the inside of the eyeball containing special neurons to detect color, shading, texture, etc. |
| Cones | Special neurons in the retina that detect color. |
| Rods | Special neurons in the retina that detect black and white--help us to distinguish shading, texture, etc. |
| Feature detectors | Specialized groups of neurons in the visual cortex that respond to specific types of images, like vertical lines, curves, motion, etc.; each feature detector detects one specific feature of an image. These are all combined by other parts of our brain to create an overall image. |
| Optic Nerve | Neuron leading frmo the retina carrying impulses to the occipital lobe. |
| Occipital Lobe | Region at the back of the cerebral cortex that processes visual sensation. |
| Fovea | Indentation at the center of the retina; cones are concentrated here. |
| Blind spot | Area in the retina where the optic nerve leaves, therefore containing no rods or cones; we cannot see anything there, but our brain makes up information to mask it. |
| Trichromatic Theory | Theory of color detection that says we have three types of cones that detect the primary colors of light--red, green, blue; they are activated in different combinations to form all visible colors. Does not explain afterimages and color blindness. |
| Dichromatic Color Blindness | Inability to see either red/green shades or yellow/blue shades. |
| Monochromatic Color Blindness | Only able to see shades of gray. |
| Opponent-Process Theory | Theory of color vision that says sensory receptors are arranged in the retina in pairs: red/green, yellow/blue, and black/white. |
| Opponent-Process Theory | Theory of color vision that says when one sensor in the pair is stimulated, its opposite is inhibited. |
| Opponent-Process Theory | The only color vision theory that explains afterimages and color blindness. |
