| A | B |
|---|
| Fluoroquinolones (Quinolones) | Interfere with DNA synthesis of an organism, wide spectrum gram + and -, bacteriocidal, used for E. coli, H influenza, shangella, UTI, STDs, bone or joint infections, pnemonia, anthrax, gastroenteris |
| Ciprofloxacin (Cipro) | Well absorbed orally, excreted in urine (50%) so good for UTI* effective for anthrax, nosocomial type infections |
| Example Ciprofloxacin (Cipro) drugs | moxifloxin (Avelox), gatifloxin (Tequin), and levofloxacin (Levaquin) |
| Side effects of Ciprofloxicin (Cipro) | Crystalurea** (really push the fluids). GI upset, rash, tinnitis, super-inection, hematuria, photosensitivity |
| Adverse reactions of Ciprofloxicin (Cipro) | Hypersensitivity* can worsen seizures, can interact with some cardiac drugs, may increase risk of achilles rupture** |
| Clients at risk for TB | HIV, transplants, other health issues, bad nutritional state |
| First line antitubercular drugs | 1) Isoniazid (INH) 2) Rifampin, rifabutin 3) Pyrazinamide (PZI) 4) Ethambutol 5)Streptomycin |
| Second line antitubercular drugs | 1)Kanamycin 2)Cyclosterine 3) Capreomyin 4)pyrasinamide (PZI) |
| INH (isoniazid) | 6 mo drug, can cause hepatoxicity (chemical hepatitis) peripheral neuropathy** (numbness or tingling in hands and feet) NO ALCOHOL |
| Client teachig for INH | pyridoxine (vitamin b6****) to prevent peripheral neuropathy, check liver enzymes, report any numbness or tingling |
| Rifampin (Rifadin) | used with INH, SE: hepatoxity, Teach: urine, tears, saliva will be orange! |
| Ethambutol (Myambutol) | Used with INH SE: renal toxicity, **Visual disturbances** |
| active tb? in sputum? | 3 drugs, 12-24 months |
| antifungals also called ________ | antimycotic drugs |
| Superficial fungal infections | of skin and mucus membrane (athletes foot) |
| Systemic fungal infections | more serious, candida, aspergillosis, pneumoncustis, may require intensive and prolonged therapy |
| Amphotericin B (Fungizone, AmBisome) | **Highly toxic esp kidneys!, can cause electrolyte imbalance (decrease K, Mg), highly protein bound, must be given IV |
| Why may you need to premedicate when using Amphotericin B (Fungizone, AmBisome) | may cause rigors (shaky chills), fever |
| Newer preparation of Amphotericin B (Fungizone, AmBisome) | with lipid base, has less side effects, very expensive, use if cant tolerate regular preparation |
| Systemic fungal infection drugs | Amphotericin B (Fungizone, AmBisome), Fluconazole (Diflucan) |
| Nystatin | Oral, topical, poorly absorbed from GI, tx intestinal candida, swish or swallow for oral candida, used as prophylaxis for immunosuppressed (chemo pt) |
| Azole type | deplete fungal cell of ergosterol, can be orally or parentally for topical or systemic |
| Clotrimazole (Mycelex) | tx: skin, vaginal, oral infections |
| Ketoconazole (nizoral) | oral or topical (shampoo), most hepatotoxic, many drug interactions***, systemic infections, skin infections |
| Antimetabolic antifungal | flucytosone, similar to 5-FU which is used to tx cancer |
| Metronidazole (Flagyl) | (amebicide, antitrichomonal) tx for intestinal amebiasis, trichomoniasis, bacterial vaginosis, inflamatory bowel disease, anaerobic infections, prophylaxis in colorectal surgury, helicobacter pylori, peptic ulcer, prophylaxis in HTN |
| Metronidazole (Flagyl) precautions | avoid during first trimester of pregnancy, must be slow IV |
| Side effects of Metronidazole (Flagyl) | GI discomfort, seizures, metallic taste, cardiovascular collapse if too fast IV, antabuse type reaction if taken with ETOH** (nausea, vomiting, life threatening) |
