| A | B |
|---|
| individual adaptation | an organism's adjustment to the environment |
| variation | differences that exist in a population |
| paradigms | big/broad ideas that explain many things |
| theistic creation | paradigm that states the supernatural made nature in creation special event(s) |
| theistic evolution | paradigm stating supernatural made the laws of nature but evolution has happened |
| atheistic evolution | paradigm stating that only nature and its laws exist and evolution is part of that |
| evolution | change of populations over time |
| equilibrium | gene frequencies in population being in balance |
| genetic drift | random changes in gene frequencies |
| gene pool | all the genes/traits in a population |
| natural selection | survival of organisms most suited to the environment |
| directional selection | population changes taking place one direction to an extreme (bigger brains / faster) |
| disruptive selection | populations changing so that the extremes survive (sizes of acorns) |
| stabilizing selection | populations changing so that the extremes are eliminated (rabbit leg length) |
| population | organisms of the same species that have mating access to each other |
| population adaptation | any trait that increases the population's chances of surviving environmental change |
| geopgraphic isolation | mountains, rivers, oceans, or deserts separating populations |
| isolation | separation of a population |
| reproductive isolation | barriers to mating such as physical size, behavior, structural differences |
| speciation | one species becoming several |
| adaptive radiation | rapid speciation occuring when a population arrives on an island without competition |
| vestigial organs | left-over organs in populations that no longer function (whale femurs, human coccyx, & python hindleg bones) |
| homologous organs | organs with the same structure but different functions (bat wings & human arms) |
| analogous organs | organs with same function but different structure (butterfly wing & bird wing) |
| punctuated equilibrium | rapid evolution after drastic environmental change |
| gradualism | evolution of populations happens at a steady state over time |
| convergent evolution | distantly related organisms evolve to become more similar in structure |
| divergent evolution | closely related species evolve to become more different in structure |
| species | organisms that can mate and produce fertile offspring |
