| A | B |
|---|
| Mammalia | Mammal; have hair, bare their young alive; nurse their young |
| Chordata | animal that has, at least part of its life, a dorsal hollow nerve cord, a notochord, pharangeal pouches and a muscual tail |
| Taxonomy | study of classifiying organisms and assigning each organism a universally accepted name |
| Phylogeny | the study of evolution; the study of evolutionary relationships among organisms |
| Vertebrate | Animals that do have a backbone |
| Invertebrate | Animals that do not have a backbone |
| Domain | Super Kingdom; larger than a kingdom; the most inclusive taxonomic category; larger than a kingdom |
| Cladogram | a diagram that shows the evolutionary relationshis among a group of organisms |
| Molecular Clock | Shows the passage of time for evolution between two organisms; A model that uses DNA comparisons to estimate the length of time that two species have been evolving independently |
| Binomial Nomenclature | Giving every organism two scientific names _--GENUS:SPECIES; each species is assigned a two part name - Genus: species |
| Linneaus, Carolus | gave us the system of naming all organisms by two names |
| Carnivore | meat eating; organism obtain energy from eating animals |
| Autotrophic | means an organism that can caputre energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to roduce its own food from inorganic compounds |
| Heterotrophic | meaning an organism obtains its energy from the food it consumes; cannot make its own food; it cannot take inorganic compounds like sunlight to make its own food |
| Taxon | group or level of organization into which organisms are classified |
| Derived Characters | Characteristic that appears in recent parts of a lineage, but not in its oldest members |
| Coccus | Round shaped bacteria; part of the Eubacteria kingdom |
| Bacillus | Rod shaped bacteria; art of the Eubacteria kingdom |
| Spirillum | Spiral shaped bacteria; in the Eubacteria kingdom |
| Peptidoglycan | Made up of sugar and amino acids; found in Eubacteria; forms the cell wall; also known as murein |
| Archae | Domain of the kingdom: Archaebacteria |
| Bacteria | Domain of the kingdom: Eubacteria |
| Eukarya | Domain of the kingdoms: Protista, Fungi, Plant and Animal |
| Protozoan | Animal-like Protista ---example: Amoeba |
| Algae | Plant-like Protista |
| Prokaryotic | Cells without a nucleus |
| Eukaryotic | Cells with a nucleus |
| Carl Woess | Gave us the 6 kingdoms and the 3 domains |
| Placenta | structure that allows for the transfer of gases and wastes from the embry/fetus to the mother |
| Evolutionary Classification | grouping organisms based on their evolutionary history |
| Herbivore | Plant eater |
| Omnivore | Animal and plant eater |
| Cladogram | a diagram that shows the evolutionary relationships among a group of organisms |
| Autotrophic | Converts sunlight, water, chlorophyll and CO2 into glucose + oxygen |
| Heterotrophic | Needs to bring in organic food - carbs, etc.; obtains E from the food it consumes |
| Chemosynthetic | Inorganic chemical + CO2 = Glucose + Oxygen...using chemicals to make food |
| Symbiotic | Relationship in which two species live closely together |
| Derived Characters | Characteristics that appear in recent parts of a lineage but not in its older members |
| Dichotomy Key | Series of paired statements that describe physical characteristics of different organisms |
| Venn Diagram | used to make models of hierarchal classifcation themes |
| Name the six kingdoms | Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Protista, Plant, Fungi, Animal |
| Name the three domains | Bacteria, Archae and Eukarya |
| True or False | The genes of many organisms show imortant similarities at the molecular level. TRUE |
| True or False | Similarities in DNA can be used to help determine classification and evolutionary relationships. TRUE |
| Algae | Plant like Protista |
| Protozoans | Animal Like Protista - example: Amoeba |
| True or False | All Chordates become vertebrates. FALSE...in some animals, the backbone does not replace the notochord. An example of a non vertebrate Chrodate is the Tunicate |
| True or False | Eubacteria have peptidoglycan or murein. TRUE...Archaebacteria lacks murein |
| Domain | A more inclusive category; larger than kingdom. Archae domain contains all arachaebacteria; Bacteria Domain contains all of the eubacterias and Eukarya Domain contains the other four kingdoms |
| Anaerobic | Without Oxygen |
| Aerobic | With Oxygen |
| Bacillus | Rod Shaped Bacteria |
| Coccus | Round Shaped Bacteria |
| Spirillum | Spiral Shaped Bacteria |
| Notochord | Long supporting rod that runs through the chordates body just below the nerve cord. A backbone can replace it |
| Placenta | Organ in placental mammals through which nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxide. and wastes are exchanged between the embryo and mother |
| True or False | All mammals are vertebrates. TRUE |
| True or False | All mammals develop placentas. FALSE - Kangaroo does not |
