| A | B |
|---|
| Atom | The basic unit of matter. |
| Nucleus | Formed of protons and neutrons and located in the center of the atom. |
| Electron | A negatively charged particle with 1/1840 the mass of a proton. |
| Element | A pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom. |
| Isotope | Atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons they contain. |
| Compound | A substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions. |
| Ionic Bond | Formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another. |
| Ion | Positively or negatively charged atoms. |
| Covalent Bond | Formed when electrons are shared between atoms. |
| Molecule | The smallest unit of compounds. |
| van der Waals Forces | A slight attraction that can develop between the oppositely charged regions of nearby molecules. |
| Cohesion | The attraction between molecules of the same substance. |
| Adhesion | The attraction between molecules of different substances. |
| Mixture | A material compound of two or more elements or compounds that are physically mixed together but no chemically combined. |
| Solution | A mixture of which all the components are evenly distributed throughout. |
| Solute | The substance that is dissolved in the solution. |
| Solvent | The substance that the solute dissolves. |
| Suspension | A mixture of water and non dissolved materials. |
| pH scale | A measurement system used to indicate the concentration of H+ ions in solution. |
| Acid | Any compound that forms H+ ions in solution. |
| Base | A compound that produces hydroxide ions in solution. |
| Buffer | Weak acids or bases that can react with strong acids or bases to prevent sharp, sudden changes in pH. |
| Monomer | Smaller units that join together to form polymers. |
| Polymer | A compound formed of monomers. |
| Carbohydrate | Compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. |
| Monosaccharide | Single sugar molecules. |
| Polysaccharide | Large macromolecules formed from monosaccharides. |
| Lipid | A large and varied group of biological molecules that are generally not soluble in water. |
| Nucleic Acid | Macromolecules containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus. |
| Nucleotide | Consists of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. |
| Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) | A nucleic acid that contains sugar ribose. |
| Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) | A nucleic acid that contains sugar deoxyribose. |
| Protein | Macromolecules that contain nitrogen as well as carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. |
| Amino Acid | Molecules that form up proteins. |
| Chemical Reaction | The process that changes or transforms one set of chemicals into another. |
| Reactant | Elements or compounds that enter into a chemical reaction. |
| Product | Elements or compounds that are produced by a chemical reaction. |
| Activation Energy | The energy needed to start a reaction. |
| Catalyst | A substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction. |
| Enzyme | Proteins that act as biological catalysts. |
| Substrate | The reactants of enzyme-catalyzed reactions. |
