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| Cell | The basic units of life. |
| Cell Theory | A fundamental concept of biology that states all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things, and new cells are produced from existing cells. |
| Nucleus | A large membrane-enclosed structure that contains the cell’s genetic material in the form of DNA. |
| Eukaryote | Cells that contain nuclei. |
| Prokaryote | Cells that do not contain nuclei. |
| Organelle | Structures that act as specialized organs in eukaryotic cells. |
| Cytoplasm | The portion of the cell outside the nucleus. |
| Nuclear Envelope | Composed of two membranes and surrounds the nucleus. |
| Chromatin | The granular material that is seen in the nucleus. |
| Chromosome | Formed from chromatin after a cell divides. |
| Nucleolus | A small dense region in a nuclei where assembly of ribosomes begin. |
| Ribosome | Small particles of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm. |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | An internal membrane system found in eukaryotic cells. |
| Golgi Apparatus | An organelle that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials from the endoplasmic reticulum for storage in the cell or secretion outside of the cell. |
| Lysosome | Small organelles filled with enzymes. |
| Vacuole | Saclike structures that store materials. |
| Mitochondrion | Organelles that convert chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use. |
| Chloroplast | Organelles that capture the energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy in a process called photosynthesis. |
| Cytoskeleton | A supporting structure that gives eukaryotic cells their shape and internal organization. |
| Centriole | Structures located near the nucleus and help organize cell division. |
| Cell Membrane | A thin flexible barrier that surrounds all cells. |
| Cell Wall | A strong supporting layer around the membrane that is produced by cells. |
| Lipid Bilayer | A double layered sheet that composes nearly all cell membranes. |
| Concentration | The mass of the solute in a given volume of solution or mass/volume. |
| Diffusion | A process that moves from an area where they are more concentrated to an area that is less concentrated. |
| Equilibrium | When the concentration of the solute is the same throughout a system. |
| Osmosis | The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane. |
| Isotonic | When the concentrations of solutes will be the same on both sides of the membrane. |
| Hypertonic | The solution with the greater concentration of solutes. |
| Hypotonic | The solution with the lesser concentration of solutes. |
| Facilitated Diffusion | The process in which cell membrane channels help the diffusion of glucose across the membrane. |
| Active Transport | The process in which cells must move materials against a concentration difference. |
| Endocytosis | The process of taking material into the cell by infolding.of the cell membrane. |
| Phagocytosis | The process in which the extensions of cytoplasm surround a particle and package it within a food vacuole. |
| Pinocytosis | The process which tiny pockets form along the cell membrane and fill with liquid and pinch off to form vacuoles. |
| Exocytosis | A process in which membranes of the vacuole surrounding the material fuses with the cell membrane, forcing the contents out of the cell. |
| Cell Specialization | Cells throughout an organism can develop in different ways to perform different tasks. |
| Tissue | A group of similar cells that perform a particular function. |
| Organ | Groups of tissue that work together. |
| Organ System | A group of organs that work together to perform a specific function. |
