| A | B |
|---|
| Lacrimal gland | Lubricate and clean eye; provide O2, nutrients and antibodies to cornea |
| Cornea | Transparent, avascular window covering front of eye; excessive nerve endings |
| Iris | Dilates with stress, constricts with bright light; colored portion |
| Ciliary muscle | Smooth muscle; changes the shape of the lens in accommodation |
| Retina: inner lining | Site of vision |
| Retina: Sensory layer | Transmits impulses to optic nerve; photorecpters rods and cones |
| Retina: optic fundus | Contains optic disk where optic nerve enters eyeball (blindspot) |
| Retina: Fovea | Greatest concentration of cones; vision most acute |
| Anterior fluid chamber | Maintains ocular pressure; Moisturize and nourish lens and cornea; aqueous humor |
| Normal Intraocular pressure | 12-21 mmHg; average 16 mmHg |
| Posterior fluid chamber | Tranmits light; vitreous humor; maintains spherical shape of eye |
| Optic Nerve | Cranial nerve II |
| Presbyopia | Far sightedness of old age; normal with aging |
| Floaters | Debris in vitreous humor |
| Arcus senilis | Grey ring around iris; formed by lipid deposits; Check your cholesterol! |
| Entropoin | Turning in of the eyelids |
| Ectopion | Turning out of eyelids |
| Ptosis | Upper eyelid drooping |
| Exophthalmos | Usually seen in patients with thyroid issues |
| Anisocoria | Unequal size of pupils |
| Extraocular Muscle Funtion | Cranial Nerve III, IV, VI |
| Nystagmus | Involuntary, rhythmical, repeated oscillations of one or both eyes |
| Ishihara chart | Checks color vision. Numbers composed of colored dots |
| Topical eye medication: Miotics | Constricts the pupils |
| Topical eye medications: Mydriatics | Dilate the pupils |
| Topical eye medications: Cycloplegics | Prevent accomodation |
| Tonometry | Dx glaucoma; Measures IOP by determining the resistance of your cornea to indentation |
| Tonometry: Applanation | Cornea anesthetized; Probe flattens cornea to measure eye pressure |
| Tonometry: Schiotz | Plunger to indent cornea |
| Tonometry: Pneumotonometry | Noncontact air puff to flatten cornea - least accurate |
| Fluorescein Angiography | Pupil dilated; dye injected to determine retinal circulation and detect disorders |
| Blepharitis | Inflammation of eyelid edges caused by staph |
| Hordeolum | "Stye"; infection of sweat gland in eyelids, near eyelashes |
| Keratoconjuctivitis | "Dry eye syndrome" |
| Subconjuctival hemorrhage | Breaking of blood vessels; no pain |
| Conjunctivitis | "pink eye"; Exposure to allergens or bacteria |
| Keratoplasty | Corneal transplant; local anesthesia and miotics |
| Cataract | Lens becomes cloudy (opaque); blindness if untreated |
| Phacoemulsification | Cataract extraction; ultrasonic vibration to break it up and aspirate it out |
| Glaucoma | Increased IOP; cells of retina & optic nerve damaged; can result in blindness |
| Diabetic Retinopathy | Gradual vision loss from vascular complication of DM |
| Macular Degeneration | Gradual vision loss; Only affects central vision; caused by aging or infection/injury |
| Amsler Grid Test | Wavy, unequal boxes can mean leakage or bleeding in the back of the eye causing swelling of the retina |
| Scleral Buckle | Cryoprobe then supported with scleral buckle; silicone sponge |
| Vitrectomy | Surgery; Performed to clear blood and debris, remove scar tissue, alleviate traction of the retina |
| Myopia | Nearsightedness; distant objects blurred |
| Hyperopia | Farsightedness; close objects blurry |
| Astigmatism | Curve of the cornea; uneven; blurred or distorted vision |
| Contusion | Traumative contact of eyeball and surrounding tissue with blunt object |
| Enucleation | Removal of the eye by surgery |
