| A | B |
|---|
| Florence | an important Italian city-state that became the birth place of the Renaissance |
| Petrarch | Italian poet and scholar who often encouraged people to speak and write thoughtfully |
| Raphael | Renaissance painter who is known for his Madonnas |
| Michelangelo | Renaissance painter and sculptor who sought realism in his art |
| Leonardo da Vinci | Renaissance artist who painted the Mona Lisa and made contributions to science |
| Copernicus | Renaissance scientist who taught that the Earth moves around the sun |
| Galileo | Renaissance scientist who studied motion and who was imprisoned by the Church for his belief that Earth moves around the sun |
| Johannes Gutenberg | German craftsman who invented the moveable-type printing press in the 1440's |
| Martin Luther | German priest whose protest to the Roman Catholic Church in 1217, started the Reformation |
| commerce | the buying and selling of a large quantity of goods |
| indulgence | in the Roman Catholic Church, a pardon for sin |
| excommunicate | to expel from a church |
| Renaissance | intellectual & economic movement that saw a revived interest in the art, social, scientific, and political thoughts of ancient Greece and Rome |
| moveable type | small, reusable metal blocks used to print letters and numbers |
| Protestantism | the religion of Protestants, or Christians who led a movement against the beliefs and practices of the Roman Catholic Church |
| Reformation | the religious movement in Europe that aimed at reforming the Roman Catholic Church but let to the establishment of Protestantism |
| Council of Trent | attempted to define Catholic teachings and counteract Protestant beliefs; council held in Trent, Italy |
| Counter-Revolution | Response and reforms by the Roman Catholic Church to the Protestant Reformation |
