| A | B |
|---|
| anaphase | stage of mitosis when centromeres spilt and two sets of chromosomes part |
| apoptosis | programmed cell death |
| asters | microtubule fibers that anchor the centriole and spindle apparatus to the cell |
| capases | enzymes that are involved in triggering apoptosis |
| cell cycle | life of a cell, in terms of weather it is dividing or in interphase |
| cell plate | dividing region between two daugher plant cells undergoing the last stages of mitosis |
| cell populations | group of cells with characteristic proportions in particular stages of the cell cycle |
| centrosomes | region near the cell nucleus that contains the centrioles |
| checkpoints | points in cell cycle where cell division is halted in response to control signals |
| centromere | characteristaically located constriction in a chromosome |
| chromatids | continuous strand of DNA compromising an unreplicated chromosone or half of a replicated chromosome |
| cleavage furrow | initial indentation between two progency cells in mitosis |
| contact inhibition | property of most non-cancerous eukaryotic cells taht inhibits cell division when they come in contact with one another |
| cyclins | type of proteins that controls the cell cycle |
| cytokinesis | distribution of cytoplasm, organelles, and micromolecules |
| G0 phase | resting phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle |
| G1 phase | gap stage of interphase when proteins, lipids and carbohydrates are synthesized |
| G2 phase | gap stage of interphase when membrane components are synthesized and stored |
| interphase | period when the cell synthesizes proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids |
| kinases | type of enzyme that activates other proteins by adding a phosphate |
| kinet ochores | microtubules fibers anchored in the centromere that connect chromosomes to the spindle apparatus |
| M phase | portion of the cell cycle where nuclear material is divided; mitosis or meiosis |
| metaphase | second stage of cell division, when chromosomes align down the center of a cell. In mitosis, the chromosomes form a single line |
| Mitosis | form of cell division in which two genetically indentical cells form from one |
| mitotic spindle | structure of microtubules that aligns and seperates chromosomes in mitosis |
| oncogenes | genes that normally controls cell division but when overexpressed leads to cancer |
| prophase | first stage of cell division, when chromosomes condense and become visible |
| S phase | synthesis phase; portion of the cell cycle where DNA replication occurs |
| stem cells | undifferentiated cells that divides to give rise to specialized cells |
| telomerase | enzyme that extends chromosomes tips using RNA as a template |
| telomeres | chromosome tip |
| telophase | final stage of cell division, when two cells form from one and the spindle is disassembled |
| tumor suppressor gene | gene which, when inactivated or suppressed, causes cancer |
