| A | B |
|---|
| Moral code | Rights and duties of a person to choose between right and wrong |
| Ten Commandments | A list of moral and religious imperatives found in Old Testament |
| Legal code | Spells out laws, enforcement, and punishments for breaking law |
| Code of Hammurabi | Code was publicly displayed to inform citizens of law |
| Draconian Laws | Known for severe punishments |
| Justinian Codes | Formed Roman law of Middle Ages, influenced canon or church law |
| Magna Carta | 1215, limited the power of the monarch, guaranteed trial by jury |
| Landmark English Documents | Magna Carta, English Bill of Rights, British common law |
| English Bill of Rights | 1688 , monarch may not suspend law, must recognize natural rights |
| British common law | Law based on custom and court decisions |
| Social Contract (John Locke) | Agreement between citizens and government |
| Mayflower Compact | Signed in 1620, illustrated social contract and self-government |
| Iroquis Nation's Constitution | An example of a native-american constitution |
| Declaration of Independence | 1776-listed reasons for leaving British colonial rule |
| U.S. Constitution | Supreme law of the land, framework of government |
| Common law | Use of custom and precedent to guide government actions |
| Criminal law | Laws concerning harms against the state, found in the penal code |
| Civil law | Laws covering contracts and relations between individuals |
| Constitutional law | Law found in the U.S. Constitution and interprets Constitution |
| Administrative law | Laws that governs the powers of regulatory agencies |
| Statutory law | Legislation that has become law |
| International law | Law that covers relations among nations |
| Regulatory Commissions | Executive agencies to protect the interests of consumers |
| FCC-Federal Communications Commisssion | Makes broadcast rules for the nation's television and radio sations |
| CPSC-Consumer Product Safety Commission | Recalls products that pose a safety hazard |
| FDA-Food and Drug Administration | Deals with the purity, effectiveness, and labeling |
| FTC-Federal Trade Commission | Deals with problems of false advertising and product claims |
| ICC-Interstate Commerce Commission | Regulates trade between states |
| FAA-Federal Aviation Administration | Oversees the air travel industry |
| NASA-National Aeronautics and Space | Operates the United States space program |
| CIA-Central Intelligence Agency | Deals with threats from foreign countries |
| FBI-Federal Bureau of Investigation | A federal police force under the Department of Justice |
| SBI-State Bureau of Investigation | A state police force under the NC Attorney General |
| Secret Service | Now under Homeland Security, protects President, VP |
| National Guard Reserves | Serving part-time in the National Guard , may be called up to serve |
| Informed Citizenry | Citizens should utilize a variety of methods to stay up-to-date on issues |
| Town meetings | New England tradition where citizens vote on local issues |
| Public hearings | Meeting for the public to express its views |
| Public forums | Citizens and government officials air and exchange views on issues |
| Media | Print (newspapers, magazines) Electronic (radio, TV, Internet) |
| "Ignorance of the law is no excuse" | Citizens are responsible for staying informed of the law |
| Political debates | A structured discussion between candidates on issues |
| Special task forces | A group focused on developing strategies to address an specific issue |
| Franking privilege | Right to use the postal service for free |
| Press releases | A written or recorded communication sent ot media by government |
| Business | Promotes economic interests of |
| Labor groups | Organization that tries to better working conditions |
| Agricultural groups | Organization that represents farming and agribusiness interests |
| Professional groups | Interest group based on career interests. Ex: AMA |
| Public interest | Issues that concerns citizens of society |
| Single-Issue | Interest group based on one shared cause EX: MADD |
| Ideological | Interest group based on one shared belief |
| Interest Groups | Group with shared goals who hire lobbyists to influence legislation |
| Lobbying | Trying to persuade politicians to vote for one's organization/cause |
| Think tanks | A group of scholars and experts who study problems/solutions |
| Police | Law enforcement officers in a city |
| Sheriff | Leads law enforcement in a county |
| State Law Enforcement | SBI ; responsible to the NC Attorney General |
| State Troopers | members of the NC Highway Patrol |
| Federal Law Enforcement | FBI and U.S. Marshalls; responsible to the U.S. Attorney General |
| Rehabilitation | Re-educating to make a person a productive citizen |
| Mental Institutions | Facility for psychological treatment |
| Probation | A supervised restriction for a period of time; instead of incarceration |
| Boot Camp | A harsh disciplined rehabilitation "to scare them straight" |
| Parole | Conditional release of a criminal after incarceration |
| Deviant Behavior | Actions that violate the rules of appropriate behavior in a society |
| Restitution | Making good on damages one has caused |
| Monetary Compensation | A payment of money, or return of property to make restitution |
| Confiscation of Property | To take the property of a criminal who is unable to pay money |
| Community Service | Time given to society as part of a sentence for a crime committed |
| Compensation | To make payment in time or money for a crime committed |
| Retribution | Punishment to a criminal because of the harm he or she inflicted |
| Juvenile detention | Facility designed to hold minors convicted of crime |
| Detention | The state's authority to hold people, either to investigate or punish |
| House Arrest | Punishment that confines a person to his/her home |
| Incarceration | Locking a person up in jail or prison |
| Jail | Facility to hold a person awaiting trial or serving shorter sentences |
| Death Penalty | Legalized taking of a person's life in response to a capital conviction |
| Deterrence | Theory that seeing others punished will discourage potential criminals |
| Long-Term Incarceration | Removing a person from society for an extended period of time |
| Prison | Facility designed for long-term incarceration |
| Death Penalty | Also called capital punishment; the state executes the prisoner |
| Recidivism | Criminals repeating their criminal behavior |
| Three-Strikes Law | State laws that mandate long-term incarceration for 3 or more felonies |
