| A | B |
|---|
| Edwin L. Drake | drilled the first successful oil well |
| Titusville, Pa | place where the first oil well was drilled |
| Bessemer process | cheap efficient process to manufacture steel; created by Henry Bessemer |
| Thomas Alva Edison | invented the electric generator, the motion picture camera and projector, the electric light, the phonograph to record sound |
| Christopher Sholes | invented the typewriter |
| Alexander Graham Bell | invented the telephone |
| transcontinental railroad | railroad spanning the nation from coast to coast; the first was completed in 1869 at Promontory Point, Utah |
| George M. Pullman | manufactured sleepers and other rail cars for use on the railroad |
| Credit Mobilier | railroad scandal in which members of Congress got stock in a front company which got fraudulent contracts from the Union Pacific railroad |
| Grangers | members of the Grange who took political action to control abuses by the railroads |
| Munn v. Illinois | Supreme Court upheld Granger laws and gave states the right to regulate railroads to the benefit of farmers and consumers |
| Interstate Commerce Act | established the right of the federal government to supervise railroads |
| Andrew Carnegie | rail and steel magnate; made his money mostly in steel |
| vertical integration | process in which a company buys its suppliers in order to make manufacturing much more efficient |
| horizontal integration | process in which companies making similar products merge to form giant companies or monopolies |
| Social Darwinism | transferred the theories of Darwin to human society; said that some will succeed and some will fall by the wayside; less suited individuals are weeded out along the way |
| John D. Rockefeller | founder of Standard Oil of Ohio; became the richest man in the world at one time; was the first billionaire in history |
| monopoly | also known as a trust; describes a situation where one company dominates an entire industry |
| Sherman Anti-Trust Act | made it illegal to form monopolies and to interfere in interstate and international commerce |
| Samuel Gompers | helped found the American Federation of Labor |
| Eugene V. Debs | Socialist candidate for president who helped found the union movement; believed that all workers should belong to Unions |
| Industrial Workers of the World | also known as the Wobblies, gave a big boost to the Union movement |
| Mary Harris Jones | supported the Great Strike of 1877 and helped organize for the United Mine Workers |
