| A | B |
|---|
| frontal lobe | Controls personality, movement, emotions, and future planning; includes motor cortex. |
| parietal lobe | Controls perception and sensory experiences; includes somatosensory cortex. |
| temporal lobe | Controls hearing and speaking; includes auditory cortex. |
| occipital lobe | Controls procesing of visual information; includes visual cortex. |
| localization | Principle that specific structures of the brain have specific functions. |
| lateralization | Principle that each hemisphere of the brain has special functions. |
| PET scan | Radioactivity identifies what parts of the brain are active when performing different functions. |
| MRI | Uses radio frequencies passed through the brain to show detailed views of brain structure (and in a series can also show function). |
| CAT scan | X-ray used to identify structural damage in the brain. |
| EEG | Method to measure brain wave activity. |
| cerebral cortex | Wrinkled surface area of the brain responsible for thinking functions. |
| hippocampus | Helps to make memories permanent; not fully formed until age 4 or 5. |
| hypothalamus | Regulates internal body functioning including (temperature & hunger) by controlling the ANS. |
| thalamus | Switchboard that receives info from PNS and relays messages to CNS. |
| amygdala | Responsible for forming, recognizing, and remembering emotional experiences and facial expressions. |
| medulla | Structure at the top of the spinal cord that controls vital reflexes (like heartrate, respiration, blood pressure). |
| reticular system (RAS) | Serves as body's alarm clock; wakes you up if you are snoozing while driving. |
| cerebellum | "Little brain;" involved in coordinating movements (like those necessary for playing sports). |
| corpus callosum | "Bundle of nerves" connecting the two hemispheres of the brain. |
| pons | Part of the hindbrain that connects the spinal cord and the brain. |
| motor cortex | Pre-central gyrus; sends messages out through the PNS. |
| somatosensory cortex | Post-central gyrus; receives information from the body senses. |
| auditory cortex | Specific brain tissue responsible for hearing. |
| visual cortex | Specific brain tissue responsible for seeing. |
| Wernicke's area | Interpretation of speech; naming & reading abilities. |
| Broca's area | Specific brain tissue responsible for motor functions of speaking. |
| right hemipshere | Controls spatial, holisitic, creative processes for most people. |
| left hemisphere | Controls verbal, mathematical, analytic processes for most people. |
| plasticity | Ability of the brain to recover or "bounce back" from some injuries |
| neuron | Brain cell that send and receives messages |
| glial cell | Brain cell that provides structure and support |
| stereotaxsis | Procedure used during brain surgery to immoblize the head and locate a specific 3-D spot in the brain |
