| A | B |
|---|
| Sandwich Islands | a group of islands in the Pacific Ocean; now known as the Hawaiian Islands |
| Brazil | country in South America; originally a Portuguese colony |
| Jamestown | the first permanent English colony in North America. |
| New South Wales | a British colony for convicts in Australia |
| Quebec | the first permanent French setlement in North America |
| James Cook | English sea captain who searched for a northern passage to the Pacific |
| Jacques Cartier | French explorere who claimed Canada for France |
| colony | a settlement far from the country that governs it |
| mercantilism | a system in which a country uses its colonies to obtain raw materials, makes products from the raw materials, and then sells the goods back to the colonists |
| encomienda | a Spanish system that allowed colonists to deman labor from Native Americans |
| triangular trade | a trade arrangement in which manufactured goods were traded for slaves, slaves were sold for raw materials such as sugar cane, and raw materials were made into manufactured products for sale |
