| A | B |
| peninsula | a body of land nearly surrounded by water |
| plateau | A large raised area of mostly level land bordered on one or more sides by steep slopes or cliffs |
| tributary | A river or stream that flows into a larger river |
| navigable | Wide and deep enough for ships to travel through |
| rain shadow | An area on the dry, sheltered side of a mountain, which receives little rainfall |
| fossil fuel | A source of energy that is formed from the remains of ancient plants and animals |
| tundra | A cold, dry, treeless region that is covered with snow for most of the year |
| permafrost | A layer of permanently frozen ground below the top layer of soil |
| loess | A type of rich, dustlike soil |
| hydroelectric power | Power generated by water-driven turbines |
| population density | The average number of people living in a square mile or a square kilometer |
| steppe | The grassland of fertile soil suitable for farming in Russia |