| A | B |
|---|
| larynx | voicebox |
| thyroid cartilage | forms anterior part of larynx |
| epiglottis | prevents food from entering the glottis |
| turbinates | help "condition" the inhaled air |
| nasopharynx | located above the soft palate |
| adenoids | pharyngeal tonsils |
| vocal cords | found on either side of the glottis |
| trachea | windpipe |
| ciliated columnar epithelium | cleanses the air and sweeps it upward |
| C-shaped cartilage rings | keep the trachea open |
| bronchi | two major branches of the trachea |
| bronchioles | smallest divisions of the bronchi |
| alveoli | clusters of air sacs where gas exchange occurs |
| inspiration | Volume of thorax increases, pressure inside decreases |
| expiration | Diaphragm ascends, volume of thorax decreases |
| Raise ribs during inspiration | external intercostal mm. |
| Vital capacity | total moveable air in the lungs |
| tidal volume | air moving in and out of the lungs during normal breathing, at rest |
| residual volume | air that cannot be exhaled from the lungs |
| minute volume | tidal volume X respiratory rate |
| Total Lung Capacity | vital capacity + residual volume |
| oxyhemoglobin | form in which 95% of the oxygen is transported |
| carbaminohemoglobin | Carbon dioxide carried by hemoglobin in the blood |
| bicarbonate ion | 65% of Carbon dioxide is transported in which way |
| Speeds up gas exchange | increased temperature and increased acidity |
| emphysema | characterized by breakdown of alveoli, loss of elasticity |
| asthma | constriction of bronchioles |
| contains respiratory centers | medulla and pons |
| Allows us to voluntarily control respiration | cerebral cortex |
| stimulates breathing | carbon dioxide levels in blood |
| chemoreceptors | sense carbon dioxide and acidity in blood |
