| A | B |
|---|
| lateral | away from the midline of the body |
| medial | toward the midline of the body |
| proprioception | nerve endings of connective tissue that are sensitive to change in tension |
| ballistic | high-impact, rapid, jerking movements |
| scoliosis | lateral deviation of the vertebral column |
| kyphosis | posterior curvature of the thoracic spine; "humpback" |
| lordosis | anterior curvature of the lumbar spine; "swayback" |
| spondylolysis | dissolution (disolving into another) of a vertebra |
| homeostasis | stability and balance |
| hyperthermia | abnormally high body temperature |
| heat cramps | heat related illness marked by painful muscle spasms |
| heat exhaustion | most common heat related illness; results from exercise in hot, humid conditions |
| heat stroke | life-threatening heat illness; temperature exceeds 105 degrees |
| hypothermia | abnormally low body temperature |
| tendon | strong fibrous tissue that connects muscle to bone |
| ligament | connective tissue that connects bone to bone |
| muscle | elastic, shock-absorbing tissue that contracts to move the body |
| strain | stretch, tear, or rip in the muscle or adjacent tissue |
| collagen | main constituent of connective tissue |
| sprain | degree of tearing to the stabilizing ligament tissue |
| subluxation | partial dislocation of a joint |
| bone | only tissue that repairs itself with the exact same tissue |
| inflammation | swelling accompanied by pain, redness, and an increase in temperature |
| acute | a condition with a rapid onset that is relatively short-lived |
| RICE | rest, ice, compression, and elevation |
| flexibility | the range of motion about a joint |
| impingement syndrome | decrease in the sub-acromial space that inflames the bursa and supraspinatus |
| emergency medical service (EMS) | local system for obtaining medical assistance |
| automated external defibrillator (AED) | portable electronic device used to restore normal heart rhythms |
| primary assessment | threats to life and limb requiring immediate assistance |
| secondary assessment | thorough head-to-toe survey of a victim |
| dyspnea | difficult or labored breathing |
| asthma | pulmonary disease characterized by episodes of breathing |
| cyanosis | bluish discoloration from lack of oxygen |
| exercise induced asthma (EIA) | labored breathing caused by exercise |
| coronary artery disease (CAD) | blockage in an arterial way that supplies the heart |
| angina | chest pain |
| myocardial infarction | heart attack that results in death to the cardiac muscle |
| syncope | fainting |
| hypoglycemia | deficiency of sugar in the blood |
| diabetes | disease which results in insulin deficiency |
| carbohydrates | nutrient that is the body's primary energy source |
| fat | nutrient that provides energy, stored energy, and insulation |
| protein | nutrient (made up of 20 amino acids) that builds and repairs body tissue |
| acclimazation | process whereby the body adapts to an unfamiliar environment |
| dehydration | condition of having less than an optimal level of body water |
| electrolyte | minerals which are present in the body as electrically charged ions |
| hypotonic | solution having less tonicity than body fluids |
| seizure | disorder in the brain causing disturbances in movement |
| grand mal seizure | a violent and uncontrollable motor seizure |
| postictal phase | phase 4 of a seizure; victim goes limp |
| abrasion | a scraping away of the skin or mucous membrane |
| incision | a cut in the skin from a sharp object |
| laceration | a jagged, irregular cut or tear in soft tissue |
| puncture | a piercing wound from a sharp object |
| avulsion | a forcable tearing away of tissue from the body |
| aura | phase 1 of a seizure; unusual sensations warn that a seizure is imminent |
| tonic phase | phase 2 of a seizure; victim loses consciousness and becomes rigid |
| clonic phase | phase 3 of a seizure; victim alternates between contraction and relaxation |
