| A | B |
|---|
| Civil War | war between the Union states of the North and the Confederate states of the South; fought from 1861 to 1865 |
| First Battle of Bull Run | first major battle of the Civil War, won by the Confederates in July 1861 |
| casualty | Military term for a person killed, wounded, captured, or missing in action |
| war of attrition | a type of war in which one side inflicts continuous losses on the other in order to wear down its strength |
| shell | device that explodes in the air, or when it hits a solid target |
| canister | a special type of shell filled with bullets |
| Battle of Shiloh | Civil War battle in Tennessee in 1862 |
| Battle of Antietam | Civil War battle in Maryland in 1862 |
| draft | required military service |
| recognition | official acceptance as an independent nation |
| greenback | name given to the national paper currency created in 1862 |
| Copperhead | during the Civil War, an antiwar Northern Democrat |
| martial law | emergency rule by military authorites, during which some Bill of Rights guarantees are suspended |
| writ of habeas corpus | legal protection requiring that a court determine whether a person is lawfully imprisoned |
| Emancipation Proclamation | A presidential decree, by President Lincoln, effective January 1, 1863, that freed slaves in Confederate-held territory |
| contraband | items seized from the enemy during wartime |
| Battle of Fredericksburg | Civil War battle in 1862 in Virginia, won by the Confederacy |
| Battle of Chancellorsville | Civil War battle 1863 in Virginia, won by the Confederacy |
| Battle of Gettysburg | Civil War battle in 1863 in Pennnsylvania won by the Union and a turning point in the war |
| Pickett's Charge | unsuccessful charge by Confederate infantryy during the Battle of Gettysburg |
| siege | tactic in which an enemy is surrounded and starved in order to make it surrender |
| Gettysburg Address | A famous speech by President Lincoln on the meaning of the Civil War, given in November 1863 at the dedication of the national cemetery on the site of the Battle of Gettysburg |
| Battle of the Wilderness | Civil War battle in 1864 in Virginia, won by the Confederacy |
| Battle of Spotsylvania | Civil War battle in 1864 in Virginia |
| Battle of Cold Harbor | Civil War battle in 1864 in Virginia |
| Thirteenth Amendment | Constitutional amendment, ratified in 1865, abolishing slavery |
| guerrilla | A soldier who uses surpise raids and hit-and-run tactics |
