| A | B |
|---|
| aerobic | the presence of oxygen |
| exercise lite | 30 minutes of daily exercise for health benefits |
| cardiorespiratory endurance | ability to perform large muscle movements over a sustained period |
| VO2 max | highest volume of oxygen consumed during exercise; maxium capacity |
| sedentary | not active; requiring much sitting |
| medical/health screening | family history, symptoms, risk factors, medications, habits, and exercise history |
| risk factors | a condition, behavior, or trait that increases the risk of disease |
| physical fitness screening | used to learn fitness levels, strengths and weaknesses, and needs; provides baseline data |
| mode, frequency, intensity, and duration | essential components of an effective aerobic conditioning program |
| flexibility | range of motion around a joint |
| body composition | the relative percentage of fat-free mass and body fat |
| ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) | evaluating a clients perception of their physical exertion |
| initial conditioning stage | 4-6 weeks of low intensity, frequency, and duration |
| improvement conditioning stage | 8-20 weeks with a more rapid rate of progression |
| maintenance conditioning stage | 5-6 months after the start of a program |
| hypertension | high blood pressure (above 140/90) |
| hypercholesterolemia | excess of cholesterol in the blood |
| saturated fat | fatty acids carrying the maximum number of H atoms; solid at room temperature |
| cholesterol | fat-like substance found in the blood and tissues; essential for hormones and cells |
| coronary artery disease (CAD) | cardiovascular disease resulting from atherosclerosis |
| antiatherogenic diet | designed to reduce the risk of atherosclerosis; diet low in saturated fat |
| contracting | providing rewards for positive behaviors |
| heart rate reserve (HRR) | working heart-rate range between rest and maximal heart rate |
| cardiovascular disease | any disease of the heart and blood vessels |
| atherosclerosis | accumulation of plaque on arterial walls, causing them to harden and thicken |
| low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol | cholesterol that adheres to the artery walls |
| peripheral vascular disease | impedance of blood flow in the peripheral blood vessels |
| angina | chest pain; pressure sensation within the chest |
| cerebral vascular accident (CVA) | stroke; blockage of an artery leading to the brain |
| claudication | calf pain resulting from poor circulation to the leg muscles |
| myocardial infarction | heart attack; death of a portion of cardiac muscle due to ischemia |
| ischemia | deficiency of blood supply |
| functional capacity | maximal performance (maximal oxygen consumption) |
| arrhythmia | abnormal heart rhythm or beat |
| maximal graded exercise test | test that measures maximal aerobic capacity by increasing intensity |
| isometric | muscle exerts force without changing length |
| chronic disease | a disease of long duration |
| systolic blood pressure | pressure against arterial walls during ventricular contraction |
| diastolic blood pressure | pressure against arterial walls between contractions |
| valsalva manuever | interabdominal pressure caused by holding the breath |
| orthostatic hypotension | drop in BP associated with rising to an upright position |
| transient ischemic attack (TIA) | a short lived lack of oxygen to the brain |
| thrombosis | abnormal formation of a blood clot |
| vasoconstriction | narrowing of blood vessels |
| diabetes | deficiency of insulin leading to an inability to metabolize carbohydrates |
| insulin resistance | reduced sensitivity to available insulin |
| type I diabetes | destructiuon of the insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreas |
| type II diabetes | reduced sensitivity of insulin target cells to available insulin |
| Obesity | excessive accumulation of body fat; BMI > 25 |
| hypoglycemia | deficiency of sugar in the blood |
| exercise induced asthma (EIA) | labored breathing from exertion during exercise |
| bronchitis | acute or chronic inflammation of the bronchial tubes |
| chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) | condition that results in chronic obstruction of airflow |
| emphysema | COPD resulting in a loss of elasticity of the alveoli of the lungs |
| mortality | death rate |
| herniated disc | when the disc between two vertebrae bulges backward |
| homeostasis | tendency toward stability and balance in normal body states |
| spondylolisthesis | forward displacement of one vertabra over another |
| rheumatoid arthritis | autoimmune disease causing inflammation of connective tissue and joints |
| osteoarthritis | degenerative joint disease that usually occurs in the elderly |
| cardiac output | the amout of blood pumped by the heart per minute |
| basal metabolic rate | the energy expended to maintain normal body functions |
| hyperlipidemia | excess of lipids in the blood |
| fat free mass | lean body mass |
