| A | B |
|---|
| la machine à vapeur | steam engine |
| la lampe à gaz | gas lamps |
| l’exploitation des ressources | exploitation of resources |
| des conquêtes territoriales | territorial conquests |
| car = parce que | because |
| la révolution industrielle | Industrial Revolution |
| les moyens de transport | means of transportation |
| autour (de) | around |
| la Restauration | the Restauration (return to monarchy) |
| tour à tour | in turn |
| avouer | to admit |
| Louis XVIII (1755-1824) | Louis XVI's brother; ruler after Napoleon |
| Charles X (1757–1836) | Louis XVI's brother; ruler after Louis XVIII |
| La Révolution de Juillet (1830) | Charles X forced to exil |
| Louis –Philippe Ier (1773–1850) | roi des Francais; rois bourgeois |
| le roi bourgeois, le roi des Français | Louis-Philippe Ier |
| la paix | peace |
| soutenu | supported |
| ameliorer | to improve |
| aux dépens de | at the expense of |
| paisible | peaceful |
| abdiquer | to abdicate (give up the throne) |
| la Deuxième République | 2nd republique; president = Louis-Napoleon |
| élu | elected |
| Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte = Napoléon III | nephew of Napoleon I; crowned himself emperor |
| napoléonien / ne | napoleonic |
| un mandat | term of office |
| un coup d’état | overthrow |
| le Second Empire (1851) | government under Napoleon III |
| la politique extérieure de Napoléon III | disaster; Affaire du Mexique; Franco-Prussian War |
| Maximilien | Austrian emperor's brother; sent to rule Mexico |
| aquérir | to acquire |
| le Cinco de Mayo (le 5 mai 1864) | Mexican victory over French; defeat of Maximilien |
| néanmoins | nonetheless |
| s’efforcer de | to make every effort |
| concilier | to reconcile |
| Juarez | head of Mexican nationalists (against Maximilien) |
| fusiller | to shoot |
| la guerre de 1870 | Franco-Prussian War; France lost Alsace-Lorraine |
| la Prusse | Prussia |
| assiégé | under siege |
| la colline | hill |
| amère | bitter |
| l’amour-propre | pride |
| pire | worse |
| l’Alsace-Lorraine | eastern French regions |
| la Commune (1871) | 3 months of riots in Paris |
| une émeute | riot |
| incendier | to burn |
| une aile | wing |
| la 3e République (1871-1940) | 3rd Rebublic; peaceful time; after 2nd empire |
| la revanche | revenge |
| actionner | to run, drive |
| le train | train |
| inquiétude | worry |
| bouillant / e | boiling |
| inouï / e | unheard of |
| une raie | streak, stripe |
| grâce à | thanks to |
| une usine | factory |
| des sources de matière première | source of natural ressources |
| des sous | cents |
| un ouvrier | factory worker |
| un patron | boss |
| un syndicat | union |
| les égouts | sewers |
| un cordonnier | show maker |
| le Bon Marché | first department story in Paris |
| un savant | scientist |
| Louis Pasteur (1822-1895), des microbes | founder of microbiology |
| Pierre et Marie Curie, le radium (1898) | discovered radium |
| la Belle Époque | gay 90's; time of prosperity in France |
| la tour Eiffel, l’Exposition de 1889 | tallest building every built; constructed for World's Fair 1889 |
