| A | B |
|---|
| pre-Colombian civilizations | Olmecs, Mayas, Aztecs, Incas |
| Mesoamerica | Mexico and Central America |
| Olmecs | earliest known Mexican Civilization |
| Mayas | 1500 BCE - 1500 AD - farmers/picture writing/temples- Yucatan Peninsula |
| Aztecs | 1200 - 1520 AD - warriors in Mexico |
| Incas | 1200 - 1500 AD - lived Andes Mtns./architects/roadbuilders |
| Marco Polo | 1200 AD - European traveler to China |
| Columbus | "discovered" ? America |
| Vasco da Gama | 1497 reached southern tip of Africa |
| Magellan | his ship sailed around the world |
| Cortes | he conquered the Aztecs |
| Pizarro | he conquered the Incas |
| Treaty of Tordesillas | it divided the Western Hemisphere between Spain and Portugal |
| Line of Demarcation | another term for the "Treaty of Tordessilas" |
| Peninsulares | Spaniards, born in Spain, but ruled Latin America |
| Creolles | Spaniards, born in Latin America - landowners, bankers, priests |
| Mestizos | mixed races |
| Slave Trade | 1500 - 1800 15 million Africans were sent to the Americas, 10 million survived/genocide |
| Commercial Revolution | 1600 - 1750 mercantilism - - ->capitalism |
| mercantilism | using a colony for its raw materials in trade |
| capitalism | making a profit |
| entrepreneur | business owner |
| absolute monarchy | kings ruled with TOTAL power |
| Absolutism | another term for "Absolute Monarchy" |
| divine right | the power to rule comes from God |
| Thomas Hobbes | an English writer - he supported "Divine Right" to keep order |
| Peter the Great | he "modernized"/"westernized" Russia - moved capital to St. Petersburg |
| Catherine the Great | got a "warm-water" port on the Black Sea |
| serf | a poor Russian farmer tied to the land |
| Magna Carta | it limited the power of the English king to raise taxes |
| Hundred Years War | war between England and France |
| St. Joan of Arc | she united France against the English, yet was burned at the stake |
| Elizabeth I | ruler of England - she developed England into a Naval power |
| Spanish Armada | Spain lost, and Britain ruled the seas |
| Charles I | ruler of England - tried to raise taxes - started English Revolution |
| Oliver Cromwell | military ruler of England |
| Glorious Revolution | England becomes Protestant forever - William of Orange on throne |
| John Locke | the power to rule comes FROM THE PEOPLE |
| Scientific Revolution | part of Renaissance - science can explain everything by observation |
| Enlightenment | 1700s - people question how to rule |
| Enlightened Despot | a ruler/dictator who allowed some change: Maria Theresa, Catherine the Great |
| Maria Theresa | ruler of Austria - Hungary - allowed some reforms |
| Adam Smith | he wrote "Wealth of Nations" - FOR law of supply & demand to regulate business |
| Montesquieu | Englightenment writer -wanted system of "Checks & Balanaces" |
| Voltaire | "Enlightenment writer" religious toleration |
| Rousseau | wrote "Social Contract" democracy helped lead to French Revolution |
| French Revolution | late 1700s monarchy out - leads to Napoleon |
| Louis XIV | French ruler called "Sun King" - built Palace of Versailles |
| Louis XV | ruled France at age 7 - not really interested in ruling |
| Louis XVI | his attempts at reform were TOO LATE - led to French Revolution |
| Ottoman Empire | ruled Middle East [Turkey to Egypt] 1450 - 1918 |
| Suleiman the Magnificent | ruled Ottoman Empire 1550 - "Golden Age" - art, literature, architecture |
| Mughal Empire | when Muslims ruled India 1525 - 1830 |
| Akbar the Great | Mughal ruler of India - tolerant of Hindus |
| Taj Mahal | Muslim burial tomb in India |
| Ming Dynasty | ruled China 1300s - 1644 - trade got bigger, emphasis on education |
| Qing (Manchu Dyansty) | 1644 - 1912 - tried to keep westerners (Barbarians) out of China |
