| A | B |
|---|
| Arch | An Etruscan Influence used in building aqueducts, bridges, buildings, domes |
| Cunniculus | A system to carry water undergound for irrigation and draining marshes from the Etruscans |
| Gladiator fighting | Came from the ritual of slave fighting in Etruscan funerals |
| Chariot Racing | An Etruscan sport imitated by the Romans |
| Columns | A Greek influence used by the Romans in many buildings |
| Sculpture, Painting and more | Art forms of the Greeks imitated by the Romans called Greco Roman Art! |
| Mythology | The Romans renamed many of the Greek Gods and Goddesses |
| The Roman Alphabet | The Etruscans first used the Greek alphabet, later the Romans also used an altered form. All CAPS! |
| Patricians | The few, the wealthy, the landowners....the POWERFUL |
| Plebeians | the many, the lower class, peasants, shopkeepers, footsoldiers, craftsmen |
| The Conflict of the Orders | The plebs left the city until their demands were met |
| Senate | initially made up of all Patricians to rule over all the people (all the pats!) |
| Tribune | 2-10 plebs who had veto power in the Senate |
| Consuls | The 2 main leaders in Rome who controlled the Military |
| Council of Plebs | Could make laws for only Plebs |
| Veto | The power to say NO! |
| Assembly | All citizens could VOTE! |
| Republic | A government made up of people who represent others |
| Punic Wars | Wars against Carthage |
| First period of Expansion | Gain the Italian peninsula, overthrow the Etruscan King, make treaties and gain allies, defeated by the Gauls, Rebuild rome and the army! |
| Treaty | An agreement for keeping peace |
| Allies | Different parties that fight for a common goal |
| Gaul | Modern Day France, They first defeated the Romans in the 1st Period and then were conquered by them in the 3rd period of Expansion |
| Carthage | A city state in North Africa that foungt 3 Wars with Rome |
| Hannibal | A Carthaginian general who took troops and elephants over the Alps. |
| Second Period Of Expansion | 3 wars with Carthage, a sea battle, Hannibal and the destruction of Carthage. |
| Third Period of Expansion | The Republic collapses, Gaul is defeated, Julius Caesar battle the Senate, reforms to make life better for the common man, the Ides of March! |
| Spartacus | Leader of a slave revlot during the 3rd period of Expansion. |
| Julius Caesar | Dictator of Rome, defeated Pompey, the Senate, the Gauls, seeks popularity with the common man. |
| Fourth Period of Expansion | Extends Rome to natural borders, The Pax Romana, Marc Antony and Cleopatra, Octavian more building, roads, harbors, moral laws, the Praetorian Guard. |
| Pax Romana | 200 years of peace, 4th period |
| Praetorian Guard | formed to protect the Emperor Augustus aka Octavian |
| Reforms of Julius Caesar | calendar, jobs for the people building projects, entertainment of gladiator fights for free, new colonies and extended citizenship to Gaul and Spain |
| Etruscans | Neighbors to the North of Rome |
| Greek Colonies | located on the Southern part of the Italian Peninsula |
| Cleopatra | Egyptian pharoah who had a relationship with both Julius Caesar and Marc Antony |
| Sicily | An island south of Italy |
| Sardinia and Corsica | Islands west of Italy |
| Civil Wars | Wars within Rome during the 3rd period of Expansion that led to having a dictator |
| Plebs unhappy | wanted a say in the government, more opportunity for their future |
