| A | B |
|---|
| Freeport Doctrine | proposed by Stephen Douglas that put the control of the slavery issue back in the hands of American citizens (popular sovereignty) which helped Douglas win the Senate seat in 1858 |
| Henry Clay | "The Great Compromiser" who proposed the Missouri Compromise and Compromise of 1850 |
| Harriet Beecher Stowe | wrote the antislavery novel, Uncle Tom's Cabin |
| Abraham Lincoln | Republican candidate that won the election of 1860. He opposed slavery but promised not to abolish it where it already existed |
| Jefferson Davis | Mississippi senator who later became President of the Confederate States of America |
| South Carolina | first state to secede from the Union |
| popular soverignty | voters in a territory decide whether or not to allow slavery |
| Pottawatomie Massacre | incident in which abolitionist John Brown and seven other men murdered pro-slavery Kansans in retaliation for the Sack on Lawrence |
| secession | act of formally withdrawing from the Union; an issue not directly addressed in the U.S. Constitution |
| Fugitive Slave Act | law that made it a crime to help runaway slaves; allowed for the arrest of escaped slaves in areas where slavery was illegal and required their return to slaveholders |
| Southern Democrats, Northern Democrats, Republicans, and Constitutional Union | 4 political parties that had presidential candidates in the election of 1860 |
| Republican | party formed in 1854 to prevent the spread of slavery to the West |
| Constitutional Union | party that focused on respecting the Constitution, preserving the Union and enforcing the nation's laws |
| Kansas Nebraska Act | introduced by Stephen Douglas after Southern senators agreed to abandon their plans for a southern railroad if the land that remained of the Louisiana Purchase was opened to slavery |
| Compromise of 1850 | Henry Clay's proposed agreement that allowed California to enter the Union as a free state and devided the rest of the Mexican Cession into two territories where slavery would be decided by popular sovereignty; it also strengthened the Fugitive Slave Act |
| John Crittenden | introduced a plan at the South Carolina seccession convention to address the fears of the South and prevent seccession and the Civil War |
| Congress had no right to ban slavery in any U.S. territory | Supreme Court ruling made in 1857 about the power of Congress |
| they didn't want to complete with slaves for jobs; most 49ers came from free states, and under Mexican rule, they were not permitted to have slaves. | 3 reasons residents of California wanted to enter as a free state |
| slaves were property | reason that Congress could not ban someone from taking slaves into a federal territory |
| he became free when he lived in a free territory | reason Dred Scott sued for his freedom |
| James Buchanan | a politician from Pennsylvania who won the election of 1856 |
| sectionalism | when someone is more loyal to a part of the country instead of the whole country |
| Beecher's Bibles | guns that Beecher supplied to abolitionists in Kansas |
| secession | main difference between the Northern and Southern Consitution was the South's addition of what |
| Stephen Douglas | Northern Democratic candidate for the election of 1860 |
| allowed California to enter the union as a free state; divided the Mexican Cession into two territories that would decide on slavery by popular sovereignty; abolished the slave trade in Washington; strenthened the Fugitive Slave Act | 4 provisions of the Compromise of 1850 |
| Roger B. Taney | Chief Justice who wrote the majority opinion in the Dred Scott decision |
| Dred Scott | supreme court case that declared the Missouri Compromise unconsitutuional |
| Lincoln became a presidential candidate for election of 1860 | result of Lincoln-Douglas debates |
| Charles Sumner | representative from Massachussetts that was badly beathen by Preston Brooks |
| Sack of Lawrence | when a posse rode to Lawrence to arrest the free-soil leaders but instead set fire to and looted the buildings of Lawrence |
| John Brown | abolitionist that wanted to avenge the attack on Lawrence by killing five proslavery men in the Pottawatomie Massacre |
| Henry Ward Beecher | abolitionist minister who along with his congregation sent rifles to Kansas to fight the pro-slavery settlers |
| Robert E. Lee | Commander of the Confederate forces at the end of the war and captured John Brown at Harper's Ferry |
| Free Soil Party | party that wanted to stop slavery from spreading to new territories |
| abolition | an end to slavery |
| nullify | to cancel |
| nullification | belief that states have the right to disobey federal laws with which they disagree |
| Sack of Lawrence | when a posse rode to Lawrence to arrest the free-soil leaders but instead set fire to and looted the buildings of Lawrence |
| Wilmot Proviso | called on Congress to outlaw slavery in any land won by Mexico |
| made people aware of the injustices of slavery and many northerners became abolitionists | impact of Uncle Tom's Cabin |
| Frederick Douglas | escaped slave who wrote an autobiography about his life as a slave |
