| A | B |
|---|
| absolute monarch | a leader who controls every aspect of life in his or her kingdom |
| circumnavigate | to sail around the world |
| conquistador | a conqueror: the Spanish soldiers who traveled in the Americas and claimed the land and people for Spain |
| democracy | a government that is run by the people |
| Leonardo da Vinci | the most famous artist of the Renaissance; he drew plans for the airplane |
| Louis XIV (14) | king of France from 1643-1715; an absolute monarch; expanded France's borders in a series of wars |
| Magellan | Portuguese explorer whose crew was the first to sail around the world |
| Martin Luther | German teacher who founded the Protestant Reformation in revolt against the Roman Catholic Church |
| divine right | a belief that the right to rule comes directly from God |
| indulgence | an official pardon for sins given by the pope in return for money |
| navigator | an expert sailor |
| Reformation | the change or reform of the Catholic Church by Martin Luther in Germany |
| Renaissance | a 300 year period when Europe experienced a rebirth in learning and culture |
| Hernan Cortes | Spanish explorer who reached Mexico in 1519, conquered the Aztecs, and won Mexico for Spain |
| King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella | Spanish king and queen who ruled the first united Spanish kingdom |
