| A | B |
|---|
| How did the Axis Powers get its name? | Hitler signed an alliance with the Italian dictator Mussolini. Their agreement created what Mussolini called an "axis" between Rome and Berlin. Germany and Italy later joined Japan and became known as the Axis Powers. |
| After Hitler had invaded Czechoslovakia and made a pact with Stalin, which country did he invade next? | Poland |
| What was the major U.S. focus during the 1930s? | The major focus was domestic issues. Roosevelt was more concerned with lifting the U.S. out of the Depression. |
| What was the purpose of Chamberlain's appeasement policy? | Chamberlain pursued a policy of appeasement or giving into a competitor's demands in order to keep peace. |
| Which historical event contributed to the rise of fascism in both Italy and Germany, as well as the rise of totalitarianism? | World War II |
| Lebensraum | Germans needed more territory or what Hitler called lebensraum (living space). |
| Dunkirk | It was a coastal city that French and British forces in the north retreated to in the face of Germany/s advance. There were some makeshift fleets that were made. Dunkirk marked a retreat for the British, and the boatlift saved British and French forces from capture by the Germans. |
| Nazism | The philosophy and policies of the Nazi party came to be called Nazism. It was a form of fascism shaped by Hitler's fanatical ideas about German nationalism. |
| Blitzkrieg | means lightning war. The Germans began the blitzkrieg by shattering defenses and terrorizing civilians. |
| Neutrality Acts | The first of the Neutrality Acts in 1935 banned the U.S. from providing weapons to nations at war. The second in 1936 banned loans to such nations. The third, in 1937, permitted trade with fighting nations. |
| American First Committee | A group of isolationists formed the American First Committee to block further aid to Britain. |
| Manchurian Incident | Situation in 1931, when Japanese troops, claiming that Chinese soldiers had tried to blow up a railway line, took matters in their own hands by capturing several southern Manchurian cities and by continuing to take over the country even after Chinese troops had withdrawn. |
| Weaknesses of the Maginot Line | The Maginot Line had two major problems. It protected only the part of the French border that faced German, leaving France open to attack through Belgium. All of its heavy guns pointed east toward Germany. If the Germans got around the line, those guns would be useless. |
