| A | B |
|---|
| Peloponnesian War | the war between Athens and Sparta which lasted 27 years and ended the Golden Age of Greece (450 BC) it ruined both cities |
| 490 Battle of Marathon | battle between the Athenians and the Persians (the Spartans wouldn't come because the moon wasn't full) even though they were outnumbered, they were fighting for their home, and they beat the Persians Pheidippides ran 26 miles back to Athens to tell the good news, and collapsed and died - the marathon race is in his honor |
| 480 Battle of Thermopylae | King Leonidas of Sparta and 7,000 soldiers defended this pass in the mountains of northern Greece from the Persians, led by Xerxes - a traitor betrayed them and told of a secret pass - Leonidas and all of his men but one were killed |
| First Punic War | was between Rome and Carthage - the Romans invented a hook, called a crow, to use in battle with the ships of the Carthaginians; at last Rome won |
| Thermopylae | Hot pass, in the northern mountains of Greece |
| Bay of Salamis | a place similar to Theropylae but in the sea - Xerxes was defeated here |
| Plain of Marathon | on the shore of Greece where the Athenians beat the Persians here |
| Straits of Hellespont | a narrow body of water that Xerxes crossed with a bridge of ships |
| Carthage | rival of Rome, opposite Sicily in the Mediterranean Sea - Phonecians and Berbers lived and traded here - a land of good sailors |
| Macedonia | a small country north of Greece, the country that Alexander was king of |
| Acropolis | hill in Athens where the Parthenon was built |
| ostracism | when enough votes were gathered, a person had to leave the city for 10 years - started by Cleisthenes around 500 BC |
| plebians | poor Athenians |
| patricians | rich Athenians |
