| A | B |
|---|
| Middle Ages | The time between the ancient and modern times |
| foreign minister | A government official who is in charge of a nation's foreign affairs |
| city-state | A city with its own government that was both a city and an independent state |
| colony | A territory ruled by another nation, usually one far away |
| Renaissance | The rebirth of interest in learning and art |
| monarch | A ruler of a kingdom, such as a king or queen |
| revolution | A far-reaching change |
| feudalism | A system in which land was owned by kinds of lords, but held by vassals in return for their loyalty |
| Industrial Revolution | The life-changing period in the 1800s when products began to be made by machines and factories |
| textile | A cloth product |
| imperialism | The political and economic control of one country by another |
| nationalism | Pride in one's country |
| alliance | An agreement between countries to protect and defend each other |
| westernization | The adoption of western European culture |
| tsar | A Russian emperor |
| revolutionary | Ideas that relate to or cause the overthrow of a government, or other great change |
| democracy | A kind of government in which citizens govern themselves |
| euro | The official currency of the European Union |
| single market | A system in which goods, services, and capital move freely, with no barriers |
| communism | A political system in which the central government owns farms, factories, and offices |
