| A | B |
|---|
| scientific method | a process used to solve a problem or test an idea about how things work |
| hypothesis | an educated guess about what will happen in an experiment |
| variables | factors that affect the results of an experiment |
| procedure | a collection of all the techniques you use to do an experiment |
| control | description of an experiment in which only one variable is changed at a time |
| trial | occurs each time an experiment is run |
| speed | describes movement from one place to another over time; distance divided by time |
| acceleration | the rate of change in the speed of an object |
| force | a push or pull that changes motion |
| momentum | the mass of an object multiplied by its speed or velocity |
| slope | a measurement of a line on a graphy, equal to vertical change divided by horizontal change |
| equilibrium | when the net force is zero; and the object is balanced |
| gravity | a force that pulls every mass toward every other mass |
| mass | the measure of inertia of an object |
| weight | the force created by gravity on objects |
| inertia | property of an object to resist changing its state of motion |
| friction | forces that result from the relative motion between objects |
| prototype | a working model of a design |
| fulcrum | the pivot point of a lever |
| mechanical advantage | output force divided by input force |
| engineering | a scientific field devoted to imagining what machines will be used in the future |
| output arm | of the lever of a fulcrum the output arm is the side where the output force is applied |
| energy | the ability to do work |
| input force | the force applied to a machine |
| lever | a simple machine that pivots around a fulcrum |
| third class lever | the greater the input the greater the output |
| output force | the force applied by a machine to accomplish a task after an input force has been applied |
| kinetic energy | energy that comes from motion |
| potential energy | energy that comes from motion |
| thermal energy | energy that comes from heat and the vibration of atoms and molecules |
| light energy | electromagnetic energy |
| sound energy | energy created from sound waves |
| nuclear energy | the form of energy that comes from splitting the nucleus of an atom, or fusing two nuclei of an atom |
| cycle | the repeated pattern of motion; includes the steps of the motion |
| hertz | unit of measurement for frequency (one cycle per second) |
| interference | happens when 2 or more waves interact |
| period | time for one cycle to occur |
| wavelength | the length of the complete wave |
| resonance | an occurrence where by the natural frequency of a system is exactly in tuen with a force applied to the system |
| harmonics | frequencies that are multiples of fundamental notes (2) multiples of natural frequency |
| system | a group of things we think are important to consider when analyzing something |
| frequency | the nuber of cycles per second |
| oscillator | a system of harmonic motion |
| consonance | two sounds that together sound good |
| dissonance | a combination of discordant or unsettling sounds |
| reflection | the process of bouncing a wave off a boundary |
| refraction | the process of bending a wave as it crosses a boundary |
| absorption | the process where a wave gets smaller and smaller |
| diffraction | what happens when a wave bends around obstacles or through holes |
| CMYK model | making all colors with cyan, magenta, yellow, and black pigments |
| photoreceptors | nerves in the eye that are sensitive to light |
| ultraviolet | electromagnetic waves with more energy than visible light and that cause sunburns |
| incandescence | heating something up so not it gives off light |
| converging lens | a lens that bends light to come together |
| diverging lens | a lens that bends light to spread apart |
| diffraction | the process by which waves can bend around corners or pass through openeings |
| subtraction | dyes that remove all colors but what you actually see |
| absorption | sound that gets softer as it passes through a material |
| critical angle | the angle at which light is totally reflected back into a material |
| focal point | the point at which light rays meet after having entered a converging lens parallal to the principal axis |
| refracted ray | light rays that are bent going through lens' |
| index of refraction | a ratio that tells how much the speed of light is reduced when it passes through material |
| optical illusion | an object you think is there but is not |
| laser | light amplification by? |
| fiber optics | a thin light pipe that is flexible /light wave communications |
| total internal reflection | occurs when light within a material appraoches the surface at greater than the critical angle and reflects back |
