| A | B |
|---|
| Marco Polo | European Explorer who explored Mongolia and the silk road |
| Feudalism | a form of government based on contract. the lord gives land to vassals in exchange for protection and they give land to their vassals for protection and so on |
| Serf | a person who lives on a lord/vassals property and is half-slave, half-free and works in exchange for a home |
| Vasaal | in medieval europe, a person,usually a noble, who owed feudal duties to a superior. |
| Three Estates | Clergy less than 1% 2. Nobles 2-3% 3. Everone Else most of population |
| Crusades | A series of holy wars to recapture the "holy land" (Palestine) for Christian Europe; Christians vs. Muslims; last nearly 100 years (starts in 1096) |
| bourgeoisie | The middle class of the 3 estates |
| William the Conquerer | (1066-1087) he appoints UNPAID nobles as government officials. Nobles are unpaid, but have status. 1 Law throughout kingdom. Very successful |
| Phillip II Augustus | (1179-1223) Unifies country. Hired PAID officials, not nobles. Controls army and taxes. Very successful |
| Investiture Controversy | (1075-1122) Between Henry IV and Gregory VII. Ends in compromise and helps government give power to state |
| Black Death/Bubonic Plague | (1346-1350) Contagious from rat bites. 1/3 of Europeans died. Caused a social breakdown. Less taxes and serfdom ends. Obsession with death and whipping yourself. Signs of plague were swollen glands |
| Hundred Years' War | (1337-1453) France vs. England. Political dispute with feudalism. Wool trade both wanted to tax. England leads for most but France wins because of Joan of Arc |
| Joan of Arc | An inspiration to the French in the Hundred Years War.She was accused of heresy and was killed |
| Great Schism | 1377-1417) Italians pick new pope. Then they had two popes and it created a rebellion in England.- |
| Renaissance | Italian began in the 14-15th c. was a rebirth of Classical (Greek and Roman) civilization. Key ideas: humanism, secularism, and individualism-Northern had a great emphasis on Christianity, and head reformers were Thomas More, Erasmus. |
| Humanism | philosophy that gives the hope and purpose for all people. |
| Francesco Petrarch | the key thinker of humanistic ideas |
| Niccolo Machiavelli | He wrote the book "The Prince" and said that it was better for a ruler to be feared than for a ruler to be loved |
| Michelangelo | was an Italian Renaissance painter and sculptor. |
| Leonardo Da Vinci | Italian painter also known as the"renaissance man" |
| Hernan Cortes | conquered mexico EDIT: conquered Aztecs in 1521, from Spain, very evil, enslaved the Aztecs and completely abolished their way of life |
| encomienda | Issued by Bartolomeo de Las casas to stop the evil slave trade in the Americas and Carribean.( |
| Inquisition | ? |
| Vasco da Gama | First person to sail around he Horn of Good Hope (Africa) up to India and back home to Portugal. |
| Christopher Columbus | thought that he had found India but instead found the Americas; funded by Spanish government because he couldn't get any funding from his homeland which was England. |
| Ferdinand Magellan | sailed around the tip of Africa all the way to Portugal; killed from getting in a fight with the natives; only a handful of survivors came back.(brandon) EDIT: Ferdinand Magellan was the fist person to circumnavigate around the world, killed in the Phillipines.( |
| Mercantilism | a way of colonizing places to make exports > imports EDIT: countries made their colonies sell there goods to them, for a very low price. the countries then restricted the colonies trade imports, so that they could only buy from their mother country. the mother country then charged extremely high prices for the goods. |
| Columbian Exchange | Trade between the americas and Europeans...Americas received "modern" technology and disease and Europe got spices and Tea and Tobacco and other products specefic to the agriculture of America |
