| A | B |
|---|
| business plan | a written description of the business and itsoperations with an analysis of the opportunities and risks it faces. |
| strategic planning | long-term planning that provides broad goals and directions for the entire business. |
| operational planning | short-term planning that identifies specific activities for each are of the business. |
| schedule | a time to plan for reaching objectives. |
| standard | a yardstick or measure by which something is judged. |
| policies | guidelines used in making decisions regarding specific, recurring situations. |
| procedure | a list of steps to be followed for performing certain work. |
| organization chart | a visual device that shows the structure of an organization and the relationships among workers and divisions of work. |
| responsibility | the obligation to do an assigned task. |
| authority | the right to make decisions about work assignements and to require other employees to perform assigned tasks. |
| accountability | the fact that each individual in an organization is responsible to a superior for the quality of work performed. |
| unity of command | requires that no employee have more than one supervisor. |
| span of control | the number of employees who are directly supervised by one person. |
| line organization | all authority and responsibility may be traced in a direct line from the top executive down to the lowest employee level in the organziation. |
| line-and-staff organization | the addition of staff specialists to a line organization. |
| centralized organization | all major planning and decision making is done by a group of top managers in the business. |
| decentralized organization | a business is divided into small operating units and managers are given almost total responsibility and authority for the operation of those units. |
| project (matrix) organization | work teams are organized to complete a specific project and a project manager is identified with authority and responsibility for the project. |
