| A | B |
|---|
| Crusades | a series of holy wars to rid the Holy Land of Muslims |
| common law | laws that were the same for all people |
| theology | the study of religion |
| vernacular | the everyday languages of ordinary people |
| Schism | permanent split |
| Icon – | holy images |
| Mosques | houses of worship |
| Haji | the pilgrimage to Mecca |
| Hijra | Muhammad’s journey from Mecca to Yathrib, which was renamed Medina |
| savanna | grassy plains |
| Patrilineal | when important kinship ties, such as inheritance and residence, were passed through the father’s side. |
| Matrilineal | when inheritance and descent is traced through the mother’s side |
| natural laws | rules that belong to all humans from birth |
| Natural rights | rights that belong to all humans from birth |
| Griots | professional poets |
| Free market | a market in which goods are bought and sold without restrictions |
| Nuclear family | was a family with the parents and children working together as a unit. |
| Desertification | the result of a slow climate change drying out an area. As the land parches the desert spreads. |
| vassal | the lesser lords under the powerful local lords |
| fief | estate granted to the lesser lords or vassals |
