| A | B |
|---|
| Matter | takes up space & has mass |
| Elements | 92 kinds of matter |
| Atom | smallest matter unit in chem rxns |
| Proton | positive charge in nucleus |
| Electron | negative charge in shells |
| Neutron | no charge in nucleus |
| Atomic Number | number of protons in element |
| Atomic Weight | number of protons + neutrons in element |
| Isotopes | same element, different # of neutrons |
| Radioisotopes | radioactive forms of an element |
| Molecules | atoms bound together |
| Compounds | molecules with >one element |
| Ions | atoms with + or - charge |
| Ionic Bond | loss & gain of e-, opposites attract |
| Covalent Bond | shared e- |
| Single Covalent Bond | 1 shared pair of e- |
| Double Covalent Bond | 2 shared pairs of e- |
| Triple Covalent Bond | 3 shared pairs of e- |
| Hydrogen Bond | H+ attracted to - charge |
| Hydrophilic | interacts with water |
| Hydrophobic | avoids water |
| Cohesive | clings together |
| Polar | has + and - charged regions |
| Acid | pH < 7, high H+ |
| Base | pH > 7, low H+ |
| Neutral | pH = 7, pure water |
| Buffer | resists pH change |
| Organic | contains both C & H |
| Inorganic | doesn't contain both C & H |
| Monomer | single unit of large molecule |
| Polymer | large molecule made of monomers |
| Carbohydrate | quick energy storage |
| Condensation Synthesis | monomers join, water removed |
| Hydrolysis | monomers split, water added |
| Starch | glucose polymer in plants |
| Glycogen | glucose polymer in animals |
| Cellulose | glucose polymer for plant support |
| Lipids | hydrophobic, many functions |
| Saturated Fatty Acid | no double bonds |
| Unsaturated Fatty Acid | at least one double bond |
| Phospholipids | polar, in cell membrane |
| Steroids | cholesterol & some hormones |
| Proteins | enyzmes or structure |
| Amino Acid | monomer of protein |
| Peptide Bond | link between amino acids |
| Denaturation | protein changes shape |
| Enzyme | protein speeds chem rxns |
| Nucleic Acids | information storage & transfer |
| DNA | contains genes |
| RNA | takes info from DNA to make proteins |
| ATP | energy transfer in cells |
