| A | B |
|---|
| Geography | Study of people, their environment, and their resources. |
| Technology | Skills and tools people use to meet their basic needs. |
| Region | An area with similar physical or cultural characteristics. |
| Anthropology | Study of human culture. |
| Primary Source | First hand information about people or events of the past, such as that found in a diary or legal document. |
| Seconday Source | Information about the past that is not based on direct experience. |
| Cultural Diffusion | Spread of people, goods, and ideas between civilizations through frequent contact. |
| Culture | Refers to a people's way of life: includes language, homes, family, rituals, religion, and food. |
| Prehistory | The long period of time before people invented systems of writing. |
| Archeology | Study of ways of life of early people through examination of their physical remains. |
| Artifacts | Objects made by people. |
| Nomads | People who moved from place to place in search of food. |
| Paleolithic Era | "Old Stone Age" characterized by hunting, scavenging, and nomadic movement. |
| Neolithic Era | "New Stone Age" characterized by the development of agricultural settlements. |
| Subsistence Farming | Producing barely enough for one's own needs. |
| Agricultural Revolution | The change from nomadic hunting and gathering to stable farming communities. |
| The geography of Greece consists mainly of... | Mountains |
| Characteristics of civilization | Record-keeping, writing systems, complex institutions, technology, and cities. |
| Montheism | Belief in one God (shared by Judaism, Christianity, and Islam). |
| Monsoons | The seasonal winds that bring rain in spring and dry air in winter. |
| Sites of earliest civilizations | Nile, Tigris/Euphrates, Indus, Huang He. |
| Empire | Group of states or territories controlled by one ruler. |
| Polytheistic | Belief in many gods. |
| Hieroglyphics | Ancient Egyptian writing system. |
| Ziggurat | A terraced pyramid of multiple stories built by the Sumerians. |
| Cuneiform | Wedged-shaped writing system used by the Sumerians. |
| City-State | Political unit that included a city and its surrounding lands and villages. |
| Plato | Tutor to Aristotle; he proposed an ideal society in which citizens would fall into three groups- workers, warriors, and philosophers. |
| Socrates | He developed a method of teaching based on questioning. He was later convicted of "corrupting the youth of Athens." |
| Aristotle | Greek philosopher; tutor to Alexander the Great. |
| Alexander the Great | Through his conquests he developed a great empire and the Hellenistic culture. |
| Twelve Tables | The creation of this written law in Ancient Rome established the idea that all citizens had rights under the law. |
| Pax Romana | "Roman Peace," 27 A.D.-180 A.D. |
| Hellenism | The mixing of the Egyptian, Mesopotamian, Indian, and Greek cultures due to conquests of Alexander the Great. |
| Pericles | Ruled Athens during their Golden Age and helped develop democracy. |
| Early civilizations (Tigris/Euphrates, Nile, Indus, Huang He) developed in river valleys due to... | fertile soil |
| Julius Caesar | The dictator in Rome whose rule marked the end of the republic. |
| Judaism | The oldest of the three major montheistic belief systems; founded by Abraham. |
| Shang | The first dynasty in ancient China. |
| Zhou | Chinese dynasty which overthrew the Shang and justified the conquest using the Mandate of Heaven. |
| Q'in | Chinese dynasty that started the construction of the Great Wall; ruled by Legalism. |
| Han | Chinese dynasty that emphasized Confuscian values, used the civil service system, and opened the Silk Road. |
| Sparta | Militaristic Greek city-state that challenged Athens. |
| Phoenicians | Sea-faring traders who developed the early version of our alphabet |
| Sect | A group who shares common religious beliefs. |
| Hinduism | A major belief system developed in India which includes the Caste, dharma, karma, and reincarnation. |
| Buddhism | Belief system whcih includes the Eight Fold Path and enlightenment. |
| Hammurabi's Code | First major collection of laws, developed in Babylon. |
| Caste system | In India this aspect of society was most heavily influenced by religious beliefs and a division of labor. |
| Ethnocentrism | In China this belief resulted from geographic isolation. |
| The geography of Greece contributed to the development of this political unit | City-State |
| A major contribution of the Roman Republic to Western civilization was... | Law and government |
| The civilization that most heavily influenced Rome was... | Greece |
| Mandate of Heaven | In China, the right to rule granted by the gods. Floods, famine, and invasion were signs that it had been lost. |
