| A | B |
|---|
| The Gilded Age | The decades between the 1870's and 1890's. |
| Patronage | Giving jobs to loyal supporters. |
| Spoils System | Created by President Andrew Jackson to give jobs to supporters as a reward. |
| President James Garfield | Wanted to limit the Spoils System. |
| The Pendleton Act of 1883 | This created the Civil Service Commission. |
| The Civil Service Commission | Gave exams to people who wanted a federal job, and ensured people were given jobs based on merit. |
| Civil Service | Includes all federal jobs except elected positions and the armed forces. |
| Interstate Commerce Commission | Set up to oversee the railroad industry. |
| Sherman Anti-trust Act of 1890 | Banned the formation of trusts and monopolies from limiting competition. |
| Bosses | These were powerful politicians who ruled many cities, and controlled all work done in cities and demanded payoffs. |
| William Tweed | He carried corruption to new heights, and cheated New York out of $100 million dollars. |
| Thomas Nast | Drew Boss Tweed as a vulture destroying New York. |
| Muckrakers | Crusading journalists who exposed the truth to the public. |
| Jacob Riis | A photographer who took pictures of slum life and tenements. |
| Ida Tarbell | She exposed the unfair business practices of John D. Rockefeller and Standard Oil. |
| Upton Sinclair | He exposed the unsanitary condition in the meat packing plants with his book, The Jungle. |
| Lincoln Steffens | He exposed corrupt city governments and officials. |
| Progressives | Forward thinking people who wanted to improve American life. |
| Public Interest | the good of the people |
| Robert LaFollette | Introduced the Wisconsin Idea. |
| Wisconsin Idea | A program of Progressive reforms. |
| Primaries | Voters choose their party's candidate for the general election. |
| Initiative | Gives voters the right to put a bill directly before the state legislature. |
| Referendum | Process by which people vote directly on a bill. |
| Recall | Process by which voters can remove an elected official from office. |
| 16th Amendment | Gave Congress the power to impose an income tax. |
| 17th Amendment | Allowed for the direct election of senators. |
| The Northern Securities Trust | This was the first business to be broken up under the Sherman Anti-trust Act in 1904. |
| Trustbuster | Theodore Roosevelt was called this by some business leaders. |
| Square Deal | Roosevelt's campaign promise that all Americans should have an equal opportunity to succeed. |
| Elkins Act | Outlawed rebates by the railroads. |
| Hepburn Act | Gave the ICC the power to set railroad rates. |
| Pure Food and Drug Act | Required food and drug makers to list ingredients on their packages. |
| Meat Inspection Act | Forced meat packers to open their doors and allow inspectors in. |
| Conservation | The protection of natural resources. |
| Bull Moose Party | New political party set up by angry Progressive Republicans who supported Roosevelt. |
| New Freedom | Woodrow Wilson's program. |
| Federal Reserve Act | Set up a nationwide system of federal banks. |
| Federal Trade Commission | Has power to investigate companies and order them to stop using business practices that destyoed all competitors. |
| Clayton Anti-trust Act | Bannned business practices that limited free enterprise. |
| Suffragists | People who campaigned for women's right to vote. |
| 19th Amendment | Granted women's right to vote in 1920. |
| Florence Kelley | Investigated conditions in sweatshops. |
| Temperance Movement | Wanted to ban the use of alcoholic beverages. |
| Frances Willard | Leader of the Women's Christian Temperance Union. |
| Carry Nation | Stormed into a saloon carrying a hatchet, and smashed beer kegs and liquor bottles. |
| 18th Amendment | Made it illegal to sell alcoholic drinks anywhere in the United States. |
| African American | Were left out of the Progressive movement. |
| Booker T. Washington | Founded the Tuskegeee Institute in Alabama. |
| Tuskegee Institute | Became a center for black higher education. |
| W.E.B. DuBois | First Afican-American to earn a Ph.D from Harvard. |
| Barrios | Mexican ethic neighborhood |
| Gentlemen's Agreement | Limited the number of Japanese immigrants into the United States. |
| Susan B. Anthony | Formed the National Woman Suffrage Association. |
| Elizabeth Cady Stanton | Fought for women's suffrage. |
| Alice Paul | Fought for women's suffrage in England, and went on hunger strikes. |
