| A | B |
|---|
| Studies human society | Sociology |
| Focuses on group behavior | Sociology |
| Studies social interaction | Sociology |
| Focuses on Individual behavior | Psychology |
| Systematic, scientific study of human society | Sociology |
| sociology is one of the | Social Sciences |
| Sociology and Psychology are | Behavioral sciences |
| An observable fact or event | Phenomenon |
| Sociology examine social | Phenomenon |
| Sociological findings should be based on | actual research |
| Comes from systematic controlled observations | Scientific Knowledge |
| Comes from casual uncontrolled observations | common sense |
| Sociology differs from common sense in that it is based on | tested ideas |
| Studying diversity can help us better understand | ourselves |
| Being excluded from the mainstream of society | Social Maginality |
| Abilty to see the connection between the larger world and our personal lives | Sociological imagination |
| Ability to see the impact of social forces on individuals | Sociological imagination |
| Forces that arise from the society of which we are apart | Social Psychology |
| Studies how an individual's behavior is affected by the social environment | Social Phychology |
| Father of Sociology | Auguste Cornte |
| Coined the term Sociology | Auguste Cornte |
| He believed sociologists should be concerned with order and change | Aguste Cornte |
| He believed the economy had the strongest influence on social structure | Karl Marx |
| He believed society is characterized by class struggle. | Karl Marx |
| The ill's of the capitalist system can only be resolved by violent revolution | Karl Marx |
| Marx believed society is characterized by conflict between conflict between | owners and workers |
| e believed the primary features of society are conflict and competeition | Karl Marx |
| Based his ideas about society on Charles Darwins boilogical model | Herbert Spencer |
| Darwins theory of Evolution | Natural Selection |
| He believed no steps should be taken to correct social ill's | Herbert Spencer |
| Founder of Social Darwinism | Herbert Spencer |
| "Survival of the fittest" | Herbert Spencer |
| Spencer believed society corrects its ill's through | Survival of the fittest |
| He compared society to a living organism | Herbert Spencer |
| He saw society as a set of independent parts | Emile Durkheim |
| Positive consequence that an element of society has for the maintenence of the social system | Function |
| He developed the idea of functions | Emile Durkheim |
| He developed the idea of the Sociological Imagination | C. Wright Mills |
| Empathetic understanding of the meanings others attach to their actions | Verstehen |
| Understanding the point of view of subjects | Verstehen |
| Introduced the concept of verstehen | Max Weber |
| She set up a career for social reform and research | Jane Addams |
| The name of Jane Addams center | Hull House |
| Systematic explanation of the relationships among phenomena | theory |
| A set of general assumptions about society | Theoretical persecttive |
| Theoretical perspectives offer unique views of the | nature of society |
| Views society as a set of interrelated parts | Functionalist Perspective |
| Views society as a stable system | Funtionalist Perspective |
| Each part of society contributes something to the society as a whole | Functionalist Perspective |
| Negative consequence an element has for the stability of the social system | Dysfunctional |
| Intended consequence of an element of society | latent function |
| Intended consequence of an element of society | manifest function |
| members agree on what is good for society and cooperate to achieve it | social consensus |
| Contends that society is held together by social consensus | Functionalist Perspective |
| The functionalist perspective is criticized for overlooking | negative aspects of society |
| Perspective that follows the tradition of marx | Conflict perspective |
| Perspective that sees society as being unstable | Conflict perspective |
| Sees competition over scarce resources as the basis for social conflict | Conflict perspective |
| Inequality, competition and power are the focus of the perspective | Conflict |
| View that women are oppressed by a male-oriented society | Feminist Theory |
| Social domination of men over women | Patriarchy |
| Feminist theory is a sub division of the | Conflict perspective |
| Focuses on human interaction | Symbolic interactionist perspective |
| Perspective interested in the meanings individuals attach their actions and to the actions of others | Symbolic interactionist Perspective |
| Anything that stands for something else | Symbol |
| Perspective that emphasizes symbols | Symbolic interactionist Perspective |
| Interaction that takes place through symbols | Symbolic Interaction |
| According to symbolic interactionists people respond to their of symbols and experiences | interpretations |
| We are affected more by our interpretation of the world than by the world itself | Symbolic Interactionist Perspective |
| Seeing and accepting fact as they are | Objectivity |
| Information collected through scientific research | Data |
| Collecting data on attitudes from a large group | Survey |
| The researcher watches how individuals behave in social settings | Observation |
| Intensive analysis of a; person,group,event or problem | Case Study |
| Using data to determine the strength of a relationship between variables | Statistical Analysis |
| A characteristic that can differ from one situation to another | Variable |
| A shared way of life | Culture |
| People who share a culture | Society |
| All the shared products of human groups | Culture |
| Physical objects that people create | Material Culture |
| Abstract human creations | Nonmaterial Culture |
| Language, ideas, beliefs, rules. | Nonmaterial Culture |
| All learned behavior | Culture |
| Culture is created and communicated through | Symbols |
| Organization of written of written and spoken symbols into a standardized system | Language |
| Shared beliefs about about what is good or bad, right or wrong | Values |
| Shared rules of conduct | Norms |
| Expectations for behavior | Norms |
| Specific guidelines on how people should behave | Norms |
| A collection of relatively objective ideas and facts | Knowledge |
| Ideas that are subjective and unverifiable | beliefs |
| Knowledge and beliefs make up the component of culture | cognative |
| Norms are specific, values are more | General |
| Values generate | Norms |
| Values and norms make up the component of culture | Normative |
| Ideas about what is important and worthwhile | Values |
| Some norms apply to everyone, others are applied | selectively |
| Tell people how to act in specific situations | norms |
| Include folkways and mores | norms |
| Norms that don not have great significance attached to them | folkways |
| common customs of everyday life | Folkways |
| Using the right fork, wearing the right clothes | folkways |
| Some degree of nonconformality is permitted | folkways |
| Norms with great moral significance attached to them | mores |
| mores are based on important | values |
| Their violation endangers the stability of society | mores |
| Written norms enforced by government | laws |
| Values are demonstrated by the way people actually | Behave |
| Laws that don not have normative support are | difficult to enforce |
| When a norm violation is so prevalent that it has become socially acceptable | institutionalized deviance |
| Language shapes the way people percieve the world | Sapir-Whorf hypothesis |
| Smallest unit of culture | culture trait |
| Individual; tool, act or belief | culture trait |
| Cluster of interrelated culture traits | culture complex |
| Culture complexes combine to form | culture patterns |
| they are found in all human cultures | human universals |
| to view ones own culture as superior | ethnocentrism |
| to judge another culture on the basis of your own cultural standards | Ethnocentrism |
| Belief that cultures should be judged by their own standards | cultural relativism |
| Shares some traits with the larger culture | subculture |
| A subculture that merely differs from the dominant culture | variant subculture |
| a subculture that represents values that are unacceptable to the dominant culture and are generally considered illegal | deviant subculture |
| rejects values and norms of the larger society | counterculture |
| a subculture that represents values that are unacceptable to the dominant society but are generally not considered illegal | counter culture |
| Has some distinctive traits from the larger culture | subculture |
| Cultures with more culture traits | change quicker |
| system of beliefs or ideas | ideology |
| justifies some interests held by a group or society | ideology |
| consious effort to promote or prevent social change | social movement |
| idealogies are often spread through | Social movement |
| New idealogies promote | cultural change |
| Knowledge and tools people use to manipulate their environment | technology |
| When people recognise new uses for existing elements in the world | discovery |
| Use of knowledge to create something that did not previously exist | Invention |
| Discovery and invention give rise to knew | Technology |
| Culture may be changed by increases in | Population |
| Spread of cultural traits from one society to another | Culture diffusion |
| Changes in the physical environment can cause | Cultural change |
| Produces the greatest change in a society in the least amount of time | Wars |
| Cultural change never occurs without | Opposition |
| A group resists change because they believe their way is best | Ethnocentrism |
| Some aspects of culture change slower than others | Culture lag |
| People who are satisfied with the way things are | Resist change |
| The existing state of affairs | Status Quo |
| Process by which a norm becomes a part of a persons personality | Internalization |
| A person automatically conforms to norms after | Internalization |
| Rewards or punishments to enforce conformity to norms | Sanctions |
| To follow norms | Conform |
| Reward for conformity | Positive sanction |
| Punishment for nonconformality | Negative sanction |
| Sanction given by a formal organization | Formal sanction |
| A spontaneous expression of approval or disapproval | Informal Sanction |
| Enforcing of norms by internalization or sanction | Social Control |
| Violation of social norms | Deviance |
| Noncomformality | Deviance |
| Basis for a societies normative structure | Values |
| Argue that the popular culture reflects patriarchy | Feminists |
| Humans are derpendent upon culture because of their lack of | Instincts |
| According to the conflict perspective, culture relects the interests of the | powerful |
| The joining of various values into a coherent whole | Cultural integration |
| According to functionalists cultural traits exist because they meet | human needs |
| Belief that a culture must be understood on its own terms | Cultural relativism |
| A state in which all subcultures are equal to one another in the same society | Multiculturalism |
| Closely knit community of all societies in the world | Global Village |
| Providing inexpensive products by building factories and hiring workers abroad | Outscoring |
| The degree to which people are tied to a social group | Social integration |
| Durkheim found that high suicide rates can be due to either, extreme or inadequate | Social integration |
| Durkheims research indicated that high suicide rates can result from | Excessive isolation |
| Socialogists differ from social philosophers in that they use | Scientific methods |
| The process by which we interpret what a given action means and respond top it | Reality construction |
| Combining and selectivly using theoretical perspectives | Multiple view |
| Relativity unsophisticated artistic creations that appeal to a mass audience | popular culture |
