| A | B |
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| Implied powers | are powers not given to the government directly through the constitution, but are implied. These powers fall under the Elastic Clause in Section 8 of Article 1 of the U.S. Constitution. |
| McCulloch v. Maryland | 1819), was a landmark decision by the Supreme Court of the United States. The state of Maryland had attempted to impede operation of a branch of the Second Bank of the United States by imposing a tax on all notes of banks not chartered in Maryland. |
| Necessary and Proper Clause | Also known as the Elastic Clause, the is the provision in Article One of the United States Constitution, section 8, clause 18. |
| Inherent powers | are those powers that a sovereign state holds |
| reserved powers | The reserved State powers, also called reserved powers, is a doctrine reserved exclusively for the states. |
| enumerated powers | are a list of specific responsibilities found in Article 1 Section 8 of the United States Constitution, which iterates the authority granted to the United States Congress. |
| Strict constructionism | refers to a particular legal philosophy of judicial interpretation that limits or restricts judicial interpretation. |
| originalism | theory,' which holds that interpretation of a written constitution is (or should be) consistent with what was meant by those who drafted and ratified it. |
| Loose constructionists | on the other hand, feel that the Necessary and Proper Clause expands the authority of Congress to all areas tangentially related to one of its enumerated powers. |
| concurrent power | a power delegated to the federal government by the U.S. Constitution that is also held by the states. |
| expressed powers | Those delegated powers of the National Government that are given to it in so many words by the constitution;also sometimes called the "enumerated powers" |
| delegated powers | also called "enumerated Powers", are the powers that are clearly spelled out in the Constitution. These are powers of the federal government. |
| exclusive powers | Are powers that only the Commonwealth Government (the federal government) has. One of these powers is External power which deals with international affairs. |
| division of powers | Describes the relationship between the national goverment and it's subnational state goverments. |
