| A | B |
|---|
| inductive reasoning | Developing generalizations based on a limited number of events |
| deductive reasoning | Developing specific predictions based on general principles |
| scientific method | define the problem, make hypotheses, collect data, state conclusions |
| hypothesis | a prediction of research findings |
| educational research | Formal application of the scientific method to the study of educational problems |
| qualitative research | Interpretation of comprehensive narrative and visual data to gain insights |
| quantitative research | Collection of numerical data to explain phenomena |
| correlational research | Research that involves collecting to determine if a relation exists between two or more quantifiable variables |
| survey research | Collecting numerical data to test hypotheses about the current status of the subject |
| variable | Placeholder that can assume any one of a range of values |
| correlation | A Quantitative measure of the degree of correspondence |
| Correlation coefficient | Number between -1.00 and 1.00 which shows the degree to which two variables are related |
| Causal-comparative research | Attempts to determine the cause for existing differences in the behavior or status of groups |
| grouping variable | Behavior believed to influence some other behavior |
| dependent variable | The change in a behavior that occurs |
| experimental research | Research in which at least one independent variable is manipulated, other relevant variables are controlled, and the effect on one or more dependent variables is observed |
| generalizability | Applicability of findings to settings and contexts different from the one in which they were obtained |
| Single-subject experimental designs | Designs applied when the sample size is one |
| sample | Items/individuals selected for a study, representing the larger group |
| narrative research | Methodology that allows people to tell the stories of their lives |
| ethnographic research | The study of the cultural patterns of participants in their natural setting |
| case study research | Qualitative research approach to conduct research on a unit of study or bounded system |
| basic research | Conducted solely for the purpose of developing a theory |
| applied research | Purpose is testing a theory to determine its usefulness in solving practical problems |
| evaluation research | Systematic process of collecting/analyzing data about the value of practices |
| research and development | Process of researching consumer needs and then developing products to fulfill those needs |
| action research | Systematic inquiry conducted to gather information about the ways in which their particular schools operate |
| National Research Act of 1974 | Developed an ethical code and guidelines for researchers |
| Institutional Review Board | Evaluates the research proposals for ethical issues |
| anonymity | Participants' identities are hidden from the researcher |
| confidentiality | Researchers know the identities of participants but do not disclose the information |
| Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 | Privacy act |
| Deception | Researcher poses a topic that, if disclosed completely, would likely influence or change their responses |
| theory | An organized body of concepts, generalizations, and principles that can be investigated |
| replication | A repetition of a study using different subjects to retest the hypothesis |
| topic statement | Describes the variables of interest, the relations among the variables, and characteristics of the participants |
| operational definitions | Clearly describe variables in measurable ways |
| inductive hypothesis | A generalization based on specific observations |
| deductive hypothesis | Derived from theory and provides evidence that supports the theory |
| nondirectional hypothesis | States that a relation between variables exists |
| directional hypothesis | States the expected direction of the relation or difference |
| null hypothesis | States that there is no significant relation or difference between variables |
| literature review | Systematic identification, location, and analysis of documents containing information related to the research problem |
| secondary source | A brief description of a study written by someone other than the person who conducted it |
| abstract | Describes the most important hypotheses, procedures, results, and conclusions of a study |
| primary source | Contains firsthand information, such as a description of a study written by the person who conducted it |
| database | A sortable, analyzable collection of units of information maintained on a computer |
| refereed journal | Articles reviewed by a panel of experts in the field |
| meta-analysis | A statistical approach to summarizing the results of many quantitative studies that have investigated the same problem |
| population | The larger group from which the sample will be selected |
| design | A general strategy for conducting research study |
| assumption | An assertion presumed to be true but not actually verified |
| limitation | Some aspect of the study that the researcher cannot control but believes may negatively affect the results of the study |
