| A | B |
|---|
| Lars Porsena | Etruscan king who was determined to restore the TArquins to the throne |
| Horatius | successfully defended the bridge across the Tiber against the Etruscan king Porsena's army |
| Veii | Etruscan city conquered by ROmans in 396 BC |
| Marcus Furius Camillus | general who drove a tunnel under the walls to Veii to defeat the Etruscans |
| Latin League | alliance for mutual defense among Latin towns |
| Lake Regillus | Romans fight a decisive battle against Latins |
| dictator | official appointed by senate in times of need for 6 months |
| Cincinnatus | dictator who assisted Rome for 6 months then returned to his farm |
| Allia | site of battle between Romans and Gauls. Romans lost |
| Manlius | Roman commander who saved the Capitol from Gauls |
| CArthage | city in North Africa whose officials signed a treaty of non aggression with Rome in 309 BC |
| Magna Graecia | Greek settlements in southern Italy and Sicily |
| Tarentum | city that called on the support of mainland Greece against Roman interference in 280 BC |
| Pyrrhus of Epirus | answered the appeal of Tarentum, to try to gain support of Latin tribes against Rome. |
| Pyrrhic Victories | winning battles while sustaining great losses |
| ROman confederacy | a federation including the entire peninsula of Italy in 279 BC |
| feathered arrows | Roman roads which transported people and goods in the Roman confederacy |
| Appian Way | road completed in 312 BC |
| Dido | a princess of Tyre who founded Carthage |
| Sicily | site of first Roman expedition abroad |
| Strait of Messana | separates Italy from Sicily |
| Messana | citizens rose in revolt against Carthage, asked Roman assistance |
| Punic Wars | three wars between Rome and Carthage |
| corvus | gangplank which was lowered onto an enemy ship and secured by an iron spike |
| Regulus | Roman commander captured in Carthage, asked to return to Rome to arrange exchange of prisoners, refused and returned to Carthage for torture |
| Aegates Islands | final battle of first Punic War, Rome wins |
| provincia | Sicily was the first overseas possession won by Rome, called a province |
| Sardinia and Corsica | second Roman province captured from Carthage |
| Cisalpine Gaul | area south of the Alps on either bank of the Po river, became a Roman protectorate |
| Via Flaminia | linked cisalpine Gaul to Rome and rest of Italy |
| Illyria | modern day Albania and Bosnia |
| pirates of Illyria | attacked Roman merchants, defeated by ROme |
| Philip V of Macedonia | interested in occupying Illyria, so Romans made it protectorate |
