| A | B |
|---|
| anemia | when the red blood cells are immature |
| antagonist | a competing factor that counteracts the action of another factor |
| antioxidant | a compound that protects others from oxidation by being oxidized itself |
| antiscorbutic factor | the original name for Vitamin C |
| ascorbic acid | one of the two active forms of Vitamin C |
| atrophic gastritis | chronic inflammation of the stomach accompanied by a diminished size and functioning of the mucosa and glands |
| avidin | the protein in egg whites that binds biotin |
| beriberi | the thiamin-deficiency disease |
| bioavailability | the rate and extent to which a nutrient is absorbed |
| biotin | a B vitamin that functions as a conenzyme in the metabolism of CHO and fats |
| carpal tunnel syndrome | a pinched nerve at the wrist, causing pain or numbness in the hand |
| choline | a nonessential nutrient that can be made in the body from an amino acid |
| cofactor | a mineral element that, like a coenzyme, works with an enzyme to facilitate a chemical reaction |
| false negative | a test result indicating that a condition is not present (neg) when in fact it is present (therefore false) |
| false positive | a test result indicating that a condition is present when in fact it is not (therefore false) |
| folate | a B vitamin, the coenzyme forms are DHF and THF |
| inositol | a nonessential nutrient that can be made in the body from glucose & used in cell membranes |
| intrinsic | inside the system |
| intrinsic factor | is a glycoprotein made in the stomach that aids in the absorption of vitamin B12 |
| liproic acid | a nonessential nutrient |
| macrocytic anemia | the large-cell anemia of a folate deficiency; also called megaloblastic anemia |
| niacin | a B vitamin & can be made in the body from its precursor, tryptophan, one of the amino acids |
| niacin equivalents | the amount of niacin present in food, including the niacin |
| nutritional yeast | a preparation of yeast cells grown especially as a nutrient supplement |
| pantothenic acid | the principal active form is part of coenzyme A, called "CoA" |
| pellagra | the niacin-deficiency disease |
| pernicious anemia | a blood disorder that reflects a Vit. B12 deficiency characterized by a deficit of red blood cells, muscle weakness, and neurological disturbances |
| pharmological effect | when a large dose overwhelms some body system and acts like a drug |
| physiological effect | when a normal dose of a nutrient provides a normal blood concentration |
| precursors | substances that precede others; with regard to vitamins |
| purgative | a strong laxative |
| riboflavin | a B vitamin; the coenzyme forms are FMN and FAD |
| scurvy | the Vitamin C deficiency disease |
| serotonin | a neurotransmitter important in sleep and sensory perception |
| thiamin | a B vitamin, the coenzyme form is TPP |
| vitamin B6 | the primary active coenzyme form is PLP |
| vitamin B12 | the active forms of coenzyme B12 are methylcobalamin and deoxyadenosylcobalamin |
| Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome | a syndrome commonly seen in malnourished alcohol abusers characterized by thiamin deficiency |
| withdrawal reaction | a reaction to withdrawal that reveals that the user has become dependant |
| Vitamins | are organic and essential nutrients required in small amounts |
| Vitamins differ from CHO, protein and fat in their | function, structure, and amounts required |
| Water-soluble vitamins consumed in excess of need are | excreted in the urine |
| B vitamins are are water soluble and | function as coenzymes |
| A dietary deficiency of B vitamins cause | impairment of energy metabolism |
| Which vitamin is most readily destroyed by ultraviolet light | riboflavin |
| A deficiency of thiamin produces the | disease called beriberi |
| The dietary need for niacin | is influenced by the presence of the amino acid tryptophan in the diet |
| Two coenzyme forms of niacin | are NADP and NAD |
| The disease called pelegra is related to a | low protein diet high in corn products |
| Which of these is highest in riboflavin content per serving | milk |
| If your skin feels flushed after taking a vitamin pill | you may have overdosed on niacin |
| Pantothenic acid is a part | of the structure of coenzyme A |
| The interdependence of 2 vitamins is shown in | vitamins B12 and folate |
| Vitamin B12 is different from other B vitamins because | it requires a carrier to be transported from the intestinal tract to the bloodstream |
| Vitamin B12 may be lacking in the diet of | strict vegetarians |
| The best source of folate | is spinich |
| Most of the symptoms of Vit. C deficiency are caused by | failure to maintain collagen |
| Which of the following is lowest in vitamin C | milk |
