| A | B |
|---|
| Public Policy | government analysis and action in a matter regarding public interest. |
| Public Policy Analysis | Research drawing upon economic theory to identify the most sufficient way to handle a problem. |
| Empirical policy analysis (positive) | quantitative analysis, along the lines of objectivity, focuses on outcome, cause and effect. |
| normative policy analysis | involves values, ethics, belief systems; non empirical, subjective studies, "what ought to be,"; the means by which you have an outcome. |
| substantive | a policy that directly distributes advantages and disadvantages (costs and benefits) to people |
| procedural | specifies how the gov. will handle a matter (such as how criminal trials are conducted.) |
| political systems theory | theory that public policy is a political system's response to the demands of an environment. Consists of inputs and outputs. |
| Pluralist (Group) Theory | theory that policies result from the conflict and struggle between political groups. |
| elite theory | policy is determined by a small segment of society (upper class, uncontrolled by masses.) |
| Incrementalism Theory | theory that decisions are based on limited analysis and involve marginal changes in existing policy. Response to small steps determines the next step. |
| Institutionalism | Theory stressing the importance of organizational arrangements and rules in shaping public policy. |
| Rational Choice Theory | Public policies result from pursuit of self-interest by citizens and officials. |
| micropolitics | political activity to gain benefits for particular persons, campaigns, or communities. Characterized by limited participation. |
| federalism | the constitutional separation of powers and division of nation and state |
| policy formation | total process by which public policies are developed and implemented |
| policy formulation | the development of proposed courses of action or alternatives for dealing with public problems. |
| equity | based on need (16th Amendment: Graduted income tax) |
| equality | everyone is the same (14th Amendment), equal protection under the law |
| deontological theories | theory concerned with rules, not outcome, ex. the Golden Rule |
| teleological theories | theory based on results and outcomes, not process |
| bargaining | decision making through process of negotiation, give and take, and compromise |
| persuasion | the use of reason, facts, and logic to convince others of the correctness of one's position on an issue |
| command | the ability of people in superior positions to make decisions that are binding on subbordinates |
| synecdoche | figure of speech in which a whole is represented by one of its parts |
| adjudication | the application through judicial or judicial-like procedure of existing law or policy to particular cases. |
