| A | B |
|---|
| pop. 2 million when Victoria came to the throne | grew to 6.5 million at her death |
| rapid and unregulated industrialization | brought a host of social and economic problems |
| Thomas Babbington Macauley writer | applauded England's Victorian advances |
| Mathew Arnold writer | regreted its terrible price in human happiness |
| Reform Bill of 1832 | extended voting privileges to men of the lower middle classes and redistributing parliamentary representation more fairly |
| 1830s and 1840s a “Time of Troubles,” | characterized by unemployment, desperate poverty, and rioting |
| The Chartists | organization of workers, helped create an atmosphere open to further reform |
| Great Exhibition in Hyde Park (1851) | achievements of modern industry and science were celebrated |
| 3 parts of Church of England | infallibility of the Bible and the stature of the human species in the universe were increasingly called into question |
| theories of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels | growing threats to England's military and economic preeminence |
| inequities between men and women | a debate about women’s roles known as “The Woman Question.” |
| Women were denied the right to vote or hold political office throughout the period | BUT GAINED rights such as custody of minor children and the ownership of property in marriage |
| By the end of Victoria’s reign, women could take degrees | at 12 universities |
| most male authors preferred to claim | that women had a special nature fitting them for domestic duties |
| Victorian poetry | tends to be pictorial, and often uses sound to convey meaning |
| most significant development in publishing | the growth of the periodical |
| Literacy increased significantly in the Victorian period | bring out more material more cheaply than ever before |
