| A | B |
|---|
| Akbar the Great | (1542-1605) Emperor of the Mughal Empire in India. He is considered to be their greatest ruler. He is responsible for the expansion of his empire, the stability his administration gave to it, and the increasing of trade and cultural diffusion. |
| Augustus | (63 BCE – 14 CE) First emperor of Rome (27 BCE – 14 CE) He restored order and prosperity to the Empire after nearly a century of turmoil. Grandnephew to Julius Caesar. |
| bureaucracy | The administration portion of the government. |
| Bushido | Code of conduct for Samurai and nobles during Japanese feudalism. |
| Caesar, Julius | (100-44 BCE), Roman general and statesman. He is responsible for setting up the imperial system in Rome which placed his grandnephew, Augustus, on the throne. |
| Cardinal Richelieu | (1585-1642) French Cardinal and politician responsible for instituting absolutist practices in France. |
| Chivalry | Code of conduct for knight and nobles during European feudalism. |
| civilization | A society that has a high level of culture and social organization including organized government, job specialization, and a organized belief system. |
| colonialism | The policy of maintaining colonies as a source of raw materials and new markets. Practiced during old and new imperialism. |
| communism | A system of government in which a single, totalitarian, party holds power. It is characterized by state control of the economy, and restriction on personal freedoms. It was first proposed by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in The Communist Manifesto. |
| Cromwell, Oliver | (1599-1658) Leader of the English Revolution that deposed the Stuart monarchs in favor of a short lived Republic. Cromwell acted as Lord Protector until the restoration of the Monarchy in 1660. |
| divine right | The justification of monarchy through the word of God. |
| Engels, Friedrich | (1820-1895) German socialist and co-author of The Communist Manifesto. |
| English Bill of Rights | (1689) A Bill of Rights written after the Glorious Revolution of 1688 which placed William and Mary on the throne of England. The bill created a limited monarchy and established Parliament as the ruling body of the nation. |
| fief | area of land given to a person to farm in exchange for certain obligations. |
| lay investiture | The creation of a Bishop by a non church official, usually a feudal lord. |
| Maurya, Chandragupta | (?-286 BCE) First king of the Maurya dynasty in India. |
| Peter the Great | (1672-1725) Czar of Russia. He was responsible for the westernization of Russia in the 18th century. |
| Philip II | (1527-1598) King of Spain from 1556 to 1598. Absolute monarch who helped lead the Counter Reformation by persecuting Protestants in his holdings. Also sent the Spanish Armada against England. |
| Seppuku | The act of suicide practiced by Japanese Samurai and Nobles during the feudal period. It was practiced to save one’s honor, or to regain it in the face of shame. |
| Suleiman | (1494-1566) Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and considered to be their greatest ruler. Under his leadership, the Ottoman Empire reached its greatest height. |
| vassal | A person owing service to a feudal lord. |
