| A | B |
|---|
| A.D. and C.E. | Anno Domini(latin: in the year of our lord) Common era... convey same dates(incorrectly remembered as "after death") |
| Amino Acid Raceminization | A method of which dating objects up to a million years old |
| Anthropologists | Scientists who study the physical and cultural features of people |
| Occupation of Mary and Louis Leaky | Anthropologists |
| Archaeologists | Scientists who study the artifacts of past civilizations in order to understand their way of life |
| Any object made by humans | Artifact |
| Artisan | A skilled worker |
| A scientist who studies heavenly bodies | Astronomer |
| B.C. and B.C.E. | Before Christ and Before Common Era... conveys same date |
| An economic system based on the trade of objects | Barter |
| Bering Straits | This body of water which today separates North American and Asia was once thought to be a land bridge 25,000 years ago |
| When a source contains a slanted opinion or influence, usually unfairly: or is prejudiced | Bias |
| Bronze | A smelting of copper and tin makes... |
| The prehistoric period after the stone age. It lasted in different parts of Europe from about 3000 B.C. to about 1000 B.C. and was followed by the Iron Age | Bronze Age |
| Carbon-14 Dating | A method of dating objects up to a million years old. |
| Meaning around or about; an approximate period of time | Circa or .ca |
| City | Civilization began with the development of the first... |
| A high form of culture which includes a complex government, religion, economic system, education, etc. | Civilization |
| Civilization | Groups that have reached advanced stages in social development. (Advanced Cities, Advanced Technology, Complex Institutions, Record Keeping, Specialized Workers) |
| A change in the predictable cycle of weather based on location | Climate |
| Cultural Diffusion | The process whereby different groups pass goods, ideas, and knowledge through contact. |
| Those customs, ideas, and ways of life which mark one group of people as distinct from others. | Culture |
| Direction Arrow | A marker on a map used to show which way is north. |
| The archaeologist who discovered the famous remains of "Lucy". | Donald Johansson |
| Fertile Crescent | Land area running from the Persian Gulf northward to the Armenian Mts. and south along the Mediterranean Sea. |
| A soft stone used by early man to produce tools with sharp cutting edges | Flint |
| Fossils | Any evidence of animal or plant life preserved in rock. |
| Scientists who study the origin, formation, and changes in the earth | Geologists |
| Glaciers | Massive sheets of ice which spread of the earth during the ice ages. |
| A great desert forming the northern natural boundary of China. | Gobi |
| Himalaya Mountains | A mountain chain along the northern borders of India; the highest mountains in the world. |
| The science of studying and writing about history. | Historiography |
| History | Any written document makes up a part of... |
| The scientific term for "pre-humans". | Hominids |
| Ice Ages | The advance and retreat of large glaciers over thousands of years make up this geological period. |
| The longest river in Pakistan. Rises in Tibet north of the Himalayas and empties into the Arabian Sea. | Indus River |
| Irrigation Systems | To supply land with water by artificial means. |
| The oldest permanent agricultural settlement yet discovered, located in the Zagros Mtns. of Northern Iraq | Jarmo |
| Landform | The physical characteristics of land; irregularities of land. mountains, valleys, penisula |
| Lines running east and west, they are parallel. | Latitude |
| Legend | A term used to describe the meaning of colors and/or symbols on a given map. |
| The yellowish silt on the Huang he river in China | Loess |
| Longitude | Lines running North and South |
| The most complete skeletal remains of Australopithicus | Lucy |
| Mary Leakey | Archaeologist who discovered a set of prehistorical hominid footprints. |
| A geographical region between Europe and the Far East. Also called the Near East. | Middle East |
| Money | An economic definition of a medium of exchange. |
| The worship of a single god | Monotheism |
| Neolithic Era | When man learned to live in villages with the aid of agriculture and domesticated animals. |
| The longest river in the world | Nile River |
| Nomads | People who move from place searching for new supplies of food. |
| Old Stone Age, before the rise of agriculture and the domestication of animals. | Paleolithic |
| Periodization | The grouping of events into time frames to make understanding easier |
| A language based on symbols representing sound not ideas | Phoenetics |
| Polytheism | The worship of many gods. |
| A method of dating objects billions of years old | Potassium argon method |
| Potter's Wheel | This invention allowed the creation of numerous clay storage vessels for grain and liquid surpluses |
| The time before writing developed | Prehistory |
| Presentism | Applying today's standards and morals to the past. |
| A written record based on experiences of people involved in an event or happening | Primary Source |
| Religion | Belief in God, gods, or other significant power(s), often expressed through custom and worship. |
| When understanding of a historical event or period undergoes a change in contemporary understanding. | Revisionism |
| River Valleys | Locations of the First Civilizations |
| A term used to describe the distance on a map into miles or kilometers | Scale |
| Secondary source | Written records based on the writing or evidence of other people not directly involved in the events(s). |
| Deposits of fertile soil left by water, usually rivers, when it recedes. | Silt |
| Slash and Burn Farming | Technique whereby the overgrowth is burned leaving a thin layer of fertile ash. |
| A social class system which allows people to rise and fall in social status. | Social Mobility |
| Specialization of Workers | Situation where individuals develop skills and knowledge specific to them and needed by the society as a whole requiring cooperation. |
| The period of human history between .ca 500,000 and 100,000 B.C. in which prehistoric people relied on simple stone tools. | Stone Age |
| Stone Hedge | A neolithic site in Great Britain noted for its mysterious construction about 4,000 B.C. with large stone monoliths |
| A prehistoric people recently discovered in the Philippine Islands. | Tasaday |
| Technology | The use of knowledge to meet ones needs |
| A government run by an agent of a god or gods | Theocracy |
| Tigris and Euphrates | The two rivers of Mesopotamia flowing from Northern Iraq Southwest to the Persian Gulf. |
| The term used to describe the purpose of a given map. | Title |
| Yellow River | River in China |
| Range in Northern Iraq where conditions existed at the time of the Neolithic Revolution that favored agriculture | Zagros Mountains |
