| A | B |
|---|
| The Nile River | the longest river in the world- located in Africa |
| hieroglyphics | writing developed by the Nile River people using pictures or symbols to represent words and sounds; sacred writing |
| dynasty | a family of rulers |
| pharaohs | Egyptian monarch; means "great house" |
| empires | a form of government in which an individual or single people ruled over many other peoples and their territories |
| scribes | an elite group of educated people |
| mummification | a process of preserving a dead body |
| caravans | groups of people traveling together for safety long distances |
| arch | a curved structure over an opening |
| barter | the exchange of one good or service for another |
| commodities | goods that have value |
| money economy | the use of money that allowed traders to set prices for goods and services |
| bureaucracy | an administrative organization with officials and regular procedures |
| vizier | "stuart of the whole land" reported to pharaoh |
| Amenhotep / Akhenaton | introduced worship of one god "Aton" (sun) |
| Tutankhamen | boy-Pharaoh; restored worship of old gods |
| hierartic script | simplified version of hieroglyphics |
| Hyksos | used horse-drawn war carriages and overwhelmed Egyptians; learned to make bronze tools |
| Cleopatra VII | pharaoh who tried to reestablish Egypt's independence |
| Ramses II | Egyptian leader regained control of Palestine |
| Hatshepsut | first woman to become pharaoh |
| pyramids | buildings dedicated to the dead |
| Menses | united villages of upper and lower Egypt into a single kingdom |
| Re | Egyptian son god with human body and head of falcon |
| Son of Re | earthly form of son god Re |
| Osiris and Isis | river and land gods |
