| A | B |
|---|
| parallels of latitude | these lines circle the earth from east to west |
| meridians of longitude | these lines run from the North Pole to the South Pole |
| equator | zero degrees latitude; the starting point for measuring parallels of latitude |
| prime meridian | zero degrees longitude |
| legend | map key; shows map symbols and what they represent |
| scale | shows how distance on a map relates to the world |
| compass rose | shows which direction north, south, east, and west are on a particular map |
| intermediate points | in-between points on the compass rose (northeast/southwest,etc.) |
| tropics | land and water between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn |
| Tropic of Cancer | 23 1/2 N latitude |
| Tropic of Capricorn | 23 1/2 S latitude |
| hemispheres | half of the earth when divided at the equator or prime meridian |
| global exploration | exploring unknown regions of the world |
| physical map | shows landforms such as mountains, different elevations, and major bodies of water |
| political map | shows country and state borders and often includes country or state names and capital cities |
| empire | a group of territories or nations under a single ruler or government |
| circumnavigation | circling of the globe |
| conquistador | “Spanish Conqueror” |
| navigate | to set a ship’s course over water |
| compass | contains a magnetized needle used to determine direction |
| astrolabe | instrument used to determine latitude by looking at the stars and other heavenly bodies |
| cartographer | mapmaker |
| rudder | a flat, moveable piece at the rear of the ship that makes it easier to steer |
| caravel | Portuguese designed ship that was fast and easy to maneuver in the water |
| gunpowder | a mixture of chemicals that explode when lit |
| colony | outpost or settlement ruled by the homeland. |
