| A | B |
|---|
| Acute Grief | The intense physical and emotional expression of grief occurring as the awareness increases of a loss of someone or something significant. |
| Adapattion | The individual's ability to adjust to the psychological and emotional changes brought on a by a stressful event such as the death of a significant other. |
| Affect | Are feelongs and their expressions. |
| A.I.D.S. | Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. |
| Aggression | The intentional infliction of physical or psychological harm on another. |
| Alarm | Is defined as fear or anxiety caused by the sudden realization of danger. |
| Alienation | The state of estrangement an individual feels in social settings that are viewed as foreign, unpredictable or unacceptable. |
| Alternatives | Providing a choice of services and merchandise available as families make a selection and complete funeral arrangements; Formulating different actions in adjusting to a crisis. |
| Anger | Is a blame directed toward another person. |
| Anomic Grief | Is a term to describe the experience of grief, especially in young bereaved parents, where mourning customs are unclear due to an inappropiate death and the absence of prior bereavement experience; typical in a society that has attempted to minimize the impact of death through medical control of disease and social control of those who deal with the dying and the dead. |
| Anticipatory Grief | A syndrome charcterized by the presence of grief in anticipation of death or loss; the actual death comes as a cinfirmation of knowledge of a life-limiting condition. |
| Anxiety | A state of tension, typically charcaterized by rapid heartbeat and shotness of breath; an emotion charcterized by a vague fear or premonition that something undersirable is going to happen. |
| At-Need Counseling | A death has occurred and the funeral director is counseling with the family as they select the services and items of merchandise in completing arrangements for the funeral service of their choice. |
| Attachment Theory(Bowlby) | It is the tendency in human beings to make strong affectional bonds with others coming from the need for secuirty and safety. |
| Attending(Listening) | Giving undivided attention by means of verbal and non-verbal behavior. |
| Bereavement | The act or event of separation of loss that results in the experience of grief. |
| Client-Centered Counseling(Person-Centered) | A phase coined by Carl Rodgers to refer to that type of counseling wher one comes actively and voluntarily to gain help on a problem, but without and notion surrendering his own responsiblity for the situation; a non-directive method of counseling which stresses the inherent worth of the client and the natural capacity for growth and health. |
| Cognitive | From the Latin " to know" the study of the origins and the consequences of thoughts, memories, beliefs, perceptions, explanations, and other mental processses. |
| Committal Service | The rite of finality in a funeral service preceding cremation, earth burial, entombment or burial at sea. |
| Communication | A general term for the exchange of information, feelingd, thoughts, and acts between two or more people, including both verbal and non0verbal aspects of this interchange. |
| Complicated(unresolved, chronic) Grief | Grief extending over a long period of time without reseolve. |
| Congruence | According to client-centered counseling, the necessary quality of a counselor being in touch with reality and with others perceptions of ones' self. |
| Coping | Characteristics ways of responding to stress. |
| Counselee | The infividual seeking assistance or guidance. |
| Counseling(Webster) | Adive, especially that given as a result of consultaion. |
| Counseling(Jackson) | Any time someone helps someone else with a problem. |
| Counseling(Rodgers) | Good communication within and between men; or, good(free) communication within or between men is always therapeutic. |
| Counseling(Ohlsen) | A therapeutic experience for resonably healthy persons. Do no confuse this with psychotherapy which is the treatment for emotionally distrubed persons, who seek, or are referred for assistance before they developed serious neurotic, psychotic or chacterological disorders. |
| Conselor | The individual providing assistance and guidance. |
| Crisis | A highly emotional temporary state in which an individual's feelings of axiety, grief, confusion or pain impair his or her ablity to act. |
| Crisis Couseling | Intervention for a highly emotional, temporary state in which individuals, overcome by feelings of anxiety, grief, confusion or pain are unable to act in a realistic normal manner. Intentional response which help individual in crisis situation. |
| Death Anxiety | A learned emotion response to death-related phenomenon which is characterized by extreme apprehension. |
| Delayed Grief Reaction | Inhibited, suppressed or postphoned response to a loss. |
| Denial | The defense mechanism by which a person is unable or refuses to see things as they are because such facts are threatening to the self. |
| Directive Couseling | Couselor takes a live speaking role, asking questions, suggesting courses of action, etc. |
| Displaced Aggression | A denfense mechanism in which anger is redirected toward a person or object other than the one who provided the anger orginally. |
| Diplacement | Redirection of emotion to other targets. |
| Dyad | Two units regarded as a pair; for example, husband and wife. |
| Ego Denfense Mechanisms | An unconscious, irrational means used by the ego to defend against anxiety. |
| Emotion | The outward expression or display of mood or feeling states. |
| Emotions | Feelings such as happiness, anger or grief, created by brain patterns accompanied by bodily changes. |
| Empathy | The abilty to enter into and share the feelings of others. |
| Euthanasia(Right to Die) | An act or practice of allowing the death of persons suffering from a life-limiting condition. |
| Exaggerates Grief(Worden) | Persons are usually conscious of the relationship of the reaction to the death, bu the reaction to the current experience is excessive and disabling. |
| Facilitate | To assist understanding of the circumstances of situtations the individual is experiencing, and to assist that person in the selection of an alternative adjustment if necessary. |
| Fear | A strong emotion marked by such reactions as alarm, dread, and disquieting. |
| Focusing | Centering a client's thinking and feelings on the situation causing a problem and assisting the person in choosing the behavior or adjustment to solve the problem. |
| Frustration | The state of prevented from attaining a purpose; thwarted; the blocking of the motive satisfacation by some kind of obstacle. |
| Funeral Rite | An organized, flexible, purposeful, froup centered, time-limited response to death which reflects reverence, dignity, and respect. |
| Funeral Service Psychology | The study of human behavior as related to funeral service. |
| Genuineness | The ability to present one's self sincerely. |
| Goals | Adjustment, motivational in nature, to be achieved. |
| Grief | An emotion or set of emotions due to a loss. |
| Grief Counseling | Helping people facilitate uncomplicated grief to a healthy completion of the tasks of grievivng within a reasonavle time frame. |
| Grief Syndrome(Linderman) | A set of symptoms associated with loss. |
| Grief Therapy(Worden) | Specialized techniques which are used to help people with complicated grief reactions. |
| Griefwork(Linderman) | A process occurring with loss aimed at lossening the attachment to the dead for reinvestment in the living. |
| Guidance | Support or support system provided to the counselee who is eeking an alternative adjustment to problems. |
| Guilt | Blame directed towards one's self based on real or unreal conditions. |
| Homicide | The killing of one human being by another. |
| Hospice | Historically an inn for travelers, especially one kept by a religious order; also used to indicate a concept designed to treat patients with a life-limiting condition. |
| Illustrating | Detailed examples of adjustments, choices or alternatives available to the client or counselee, from a course of action may be selected. |
| Informational Counseling | Counseling in which a counselor share a body of special information with a counselee. |
| Masked Grief | Occurs when persons experience symptoms and behaviors, which cause them difficulty, but they do not see or recognized the fact that thses are related to loss. |
| Mitigation | Any event, person or object that lessens the degree of pain in grief. |
| Motivation | The process that intiates, directs and sustains behavior satisfying physcological or psychological needs. |
| Mourning | An adjustment process that invloes grief or sorrow over a period of time and helps in the reorganiztion of the life of an individual following a loss or death of someone loved. |
| Non-Verbal Communication | That which is expressd by posture, facial expression, action, physical behavior, that which is communicated by any means except verbally. |
| Option | Choice of actions provided through counseling as a means of solving the couselee's dilemma. |
| Panic | A strong emotion charcterized by sudden and extreme fear. |
| Paraphasing | Expressing a thought or idea in an alternative and sometimes a shortened form. |
| Personality | Is a relatively stable system of determaining tendencies within an individual. |
| Positive Regard | According to Carl Rogers, accepting the client or counselee as he or she is, without imposing judgement or stipulations. |
| Post-Funeral Counseling | Those appropiate and helpful acts of counseling that come after the funeral. |
| Prejudice | Negative attitude toward others based on their gender, religion, race or membership in a particular group. |
| Pre-Need Counseling | The counseling which occurrs before death. |
| Projection | Attribution of one's unacceptable thoughts, feelings, or behaviors to someone else. |
| Psychiartrist | A medical doctor with a speciality in the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders. |
| Psycology | The study of human behavior. |
| Pyschotherapy(Jackson) | Intervention with peiple whose needs are so specific that usually they can only be met by specially trained phyicians or psychologists. The practitioners in this field need special trainnig because they often work with deeper levels of consciousness. |
| Rapport | A relation of harmony, comformity, accord or affinity established in any human interaction. |
| Rationalization | Supplying logical, rational, socially acceptable reason rather than the real reason for an action. |
| Regression | A defense mechanism used in grief to return to more familar and often omre primitive modes of coping. |
| Repression | Blocking of threatening material from consciousness. |
| Resistance | An adaptive maneuver charcterized by an inability or unwillingness to act with the aim of asserting or sustaining individual xontrol, autonomy or self-esteem. |
| Respect | According to Wolfelt, the ability to communicate the belief that everyone possesses the capacity and the right to choose alternatives and make decisions. |
| Restituion | Accorfing to Simos, a compelling need by which the individual attempts to restore inner psychological equilbrium, unting past, present, and future in the cycle from loss and the fear of loss to restitution. |
| Ritual | Any act that is charged with symbolic content. |
| Searching | Preoccupied and intense thoughts about the decesed. |
| Shame | The assumption of blame directed towards one's self by others. |
| Shock | The reaction of the body to an event is often experienced emotionally as a sudden, violent and upsetting distrubance. |
| Situational Couseling | Related to specific situations in life that may create crises and produce human pain and suffering. This type of couseling adds another dimension to the giving of information in that it deals with significant feelings that are produced by life crises. |
| Social Facilitation | A phenomenon that occurrs when an individual's performance improves because of the prsence of others. |
| Stress | Life events and minor hassels that exert pressure or strain. |
| Stressor | Any event capable of producing physical or emotional stress. |
| Sublimation | Redirection of emotion to culturally or socially useful purposes. |
| Sudden Infant Death Syndrome | Also know as SIDS and crib death; the sudden and unexpected death of an apparently healthy infant, which remains unexplained after complete autopsy and a review of the circumstances around the death. |
| Suicide | A deliberate act of killing oneself. |
| Suicidal Gestures | An unsuccesful attempt made by the person to end his or her own life. |
| Suicidal Ideation | Thoughts of ending one's life. |
| Summary | A brief review of points covered in a portion of the couselimg session. |
| Suppression | A more or less concious postponement of addressing anxieties and concerns. |
| Survivor Guilt | Guilt felt ny the survivors. |
| Sympathy | Sincere feelings for the person who is trying to adjust to a serious loss. |
| Thanatology | The study of death. |
| Thanatophobia | An irrationa, exaggerated fear of death. |
| Threat | A statement or action which creates anxiety in an individual's life. |
| Verbal Communication | Spoken, oral communication |
| Warmth and Caring | According to Wolfelt, the ability to be considerate and friendly as demestrated by both verbal and non-verbal behaviors. |
