| A | B |
|---|
| rock | a solid mixture of crystals of one or more minerals or other materials |
| rock cycle | the process by which one rock type changes into anther rock type |
| magma | the hot liquid that forms when rock partially or completely melts beneath the Earth's surface |
| sedimentary rock | a type of rock that forms when particles from other rocks or the remains of plants and animals are pressed and cemented together |
| metamorphic rock | a type of rock that forms from an existing rock that is changed by heat, pressure, or chemical reactions |
| igneous rock | a type of rock that forms from the cooling of molten rock at or below the surface |
| texture | the look and feel of a rock's surface |
| weathering | the chemical and physical processes that break down rock at the Earth's surface |
| erosion | the process by which, water, ice, wind, or gravity moves weathered rock or soil |
| sediment | small, solid pieces of material that come from rocks or organisms; earth materials deposited by erosion |
| geologist | a scientist who studies the forces that make and shape planet Earth |
| deposition | process in which sediment is laid down in new locations |
| cementation | the process by which dissolved minerals crystallize and glue particles of sediment together into one mass |
| granite | a usually light-colored igneous rock that is found in continental crust |
| basalt | a dark, dense, igneous rock with a fine texture, found in oceanic crust |
| grains | the particles of minerals or other rocks that give a rock its texture |
| extrusive rock | igneous rock that forms from lava on Earth's surface |
| intrusive rock | igneous rock that forms when magma hardens beneath Earth's surface |
| clastic rock | sedimentary rock that forms when rock fragments are squeezed together under high pressure |
| organic rock | sedimentary rock that forms from remains of organisms deposited in thick layers |
| chemical rock | sedimentary rock that forms when minerals crystallize from a solution |
| foliated | term used to describe metamorphic rocks that have grains arranged in parallel layers or bands |
| lava | the hot liquid that forms when rock partially or completely melts on the Earth's surface |
