| A | B |
|---|
| A defined unit in a system of measurement that is based on an object or event in the physical world | base unit |
| SI base unit for time | seconds |
| SI base unit for length and the distance that light travels through a vacuum which is a space containing no matter | meter |
| What would you use to measure the length and width of a room? | meter |
| What would you use to measure the distance between two cities? | kilometer |
| What would you use to measure the diameter of a drill bit? | millimeters |
| What is the SI base unit for mass, the measure of the amount of matter? | kilogram which is about 2.2 pounds |
| A unit that is defined by a combination of base units such as meters per second (m/s) | derived unit |
| What is the derived unit for volume or the space occupied by an object? | cubic meter which is represented by a cube whose sides are all one meter in length |
| What is the metric unit for volume used to measure the amount of liquid in a container of bottle water or a carbonated beverage? | liter |
| What are the metric units for density, the ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume? | grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm cubed) |
| What is the formula for density? | mass over volume |
| What is a measure of how hot or cold an object is relative to other objects? | temperature |
| What does liquid do in a thermometer? | it expands when heated and contracts when cooled. The tube is narrow so that small changes in temperature can be detected. |
| A scale that defines the freezing point as 0 and the boiling point as 100 and divides the distance between thes points into 100 equal units | Celcius scale |
| The SI base unit of temperature devised by William Thomson where water freezes at about 273 K and boils at about 373 K | Kelvin scale |
| How do you convert from the celcius scale to the kelvin scale? | you add 273 |
| How do you convert from the kelvin scale to the celcius scale? | you subtract 273 |
| What is the factor for "giga"? | 1,000,000,000 |
| What is the factor for "mega"? | 1,000,000 |
| What is the factor for "kilo"? | 1,000 |
| What is the factor for "deci"? | one-tenth |
| What is the factor for "centi"? | one-hundredth |
| What is the factor for "milli"? | one-thousandth |
| What is the factor for "nano"? | one-billionth |
| What is the factor for "pico"? | one-trillionth |
| Expresses numbers as a multiple of two factors: a number between 1 and 10 and ten raised to a power | scientific notation |
| When numbers larger than 1 are expressed in scientific notation, the power of ten is... | positive |
| When numbers smaller that 1 are expressed in scientific notation, the power of ten is .... | negative |
| What most be the same when adding or subtracting numbers written in scientific notation? | the exponents must be the same |
| What steps do you take when you are multiplying numbers using scientific notation? | you multiply the first factors and then you add the exponents |
| What steps do you take when you are dividing numbers using scientific notation? | You divide the first factors and then you subtract the exponent of the divisor from the exponent of the dividend |
| A ratio of equivalent values used to express the same quantity in different units is called ...... | conversion factor (always equals one) |
| A method of problem solving that focuses on the units used to describe matter and often uses conversion factors | dimensional analysis |
| Convert 360 seconds to milliseconds | 360,000 ms |
| Convert 6800 centimeters to meters | 68 meters |
| Refers to how close a measured value is to an accepted value | accuracy |
| refers to how close a series of measurements are to each other | precision |
| What is percent error? | It is the ratio of an error to an accepted value (times 100) |
| How can you evaluate the accuracy of experimental data? | You can calculate the difference between an experimental value and an accepted value |
| What is the process of assuring the accuracy of a measuring device? | calibration |
| Includes all known digits plus one estimated digit | significant figures |
| Are non-zero numbers significant? | Yes 72.3 has three significant digits |
| Are zeros between non-zero digits significant? | Yes 60.5 has three significant digits |
| Are all final zeros to the right of a decimal place significant? | Yes 6.20 has three significant digits |
| Are zeros that act as placeholders significant? | No 0.0253 only has three significant digits and 4320 only has three significant digits |
| How many digits to the right of the decimal point should you answer have when you add or subtract measurements? | The same number of digits to the right of the decimal point as the value with the fewest digits to the right of the decimal point |
| A visual display of data | graph |
| Sometimes called a pie chart and is useful for showing parts of a fixed whole | circle graphs |
| A graph used to show how a quantity varies with factors such as time, location, or temperature. | bar graph |
| Where does the independent and dependent variable appear on a bar graph? | IV appears on the x-axis. DV appears on the y-axis |
| The points on this graph represent the intersection of data for two variables | line graph |
| What do we call the line drawn so as many points fall above the line as fall below the line? | best fit line |
| If the best fit line is straight, there is a ___________ relationship between the variables and the variables are directly related. | linear |
| If the line rises to the right, the slope is... | positive which indicates that the dependent variable increases as the independent variable increases |
| If the line sinks to the right, the slope is ..... | negative which means that the dependent variable decreases as the independent variable increases |
| How do you calculate slope? | change in y over change in x |
| When the mass of material is plotted against the volume, the slope of the line is.... | density of the material |
| When the best fit line is curved, the relationship between the two variables is... | nonlinear |
| When points on a line graph are connected, the data is considered | continuous |
| Reading data from a graph that falls between measured points is considered..... | interpolation |
| Extending the line beyond the plotted points and estimating values for the variable is considered.... | extrapolation |
